DNA Structure

Question 1

Define Eukaryote

Answer 1

An organism with its cells having a nucleus within a nuclear envelope

Question 2

Define Nucleus

Answer 2

The organelle housing DNA. It maintains the integrity of the cell and facilitates transcription and reproduction.

Question 3

Define Membrane

Answer 3

The layer that encloses all organelle of a cell and keeps it together.

Question 4

Define Organelle

Answer 4

Microscopic structures that serve are engineered for a specific task in a cell.

Question 5

Define Nuclear Pores

Answer 5

Protein lined channels which allow for small molecules and ions to pass through.

Question 6

Define Nucleoplasm

Answer 6

The protoplasm (similar to cytoplasm) that makes up the inside of the nucleus.

Question 7

Define Metabolism

Answer 7

The conversion of food/fuel to usable energy

Question 8

Define Nucleolus

Answer 8

The part of the nucleus responsible for producing ribosomes.

Question 9

Define Chromatin Network

Answer 9

A network contains all DNA which is in the nucleus.

Question 10

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 10

Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Question 11

Define DNA’s purpose

Answer 11

To carry genetic instructions for all functions of an organism’s cells.

Question 12

Define Chromosome

Answer 12

DNA and packaging proteins called histones in a long molecule that is condensed together.

Question 13

Define Gene

Answer 13

A unit of hereditary information containing instructions.

Question 14

Define Mitochondria

Answer 14

The organelle that is responsible for cellular energy conversion.

Question 15

Define Chloroplast

Answer 15

An organelle found in plants used for photosynthesis.

Question 16

Define Extranuclear DNA

Answer 16

DNA that occurs outside of the nucleus.

Question 17

Define RNA

Answer 17

Ribonucleic Acid, important in maintaining and regulating genes.

Question 18

Define Monomers

Answer 18

A reactive molecule that can form large polymer chains.

Question 19

Define Nucleotides

Answer 19

Made up of a nucleoside and a phosphate. These serve as monomers in nucleic acid polymers.

Question 20

Define Cytoplasm

Answer 20

The fluid filling up a cell, it is primarily composed of water.

Question 21

Define DNA profiling

Answer 21

Methods of comparing DNA samples to produce a specific DNA fragment pattern. This pattern is unique in humans per person.

Question 22

Define DNA sample

Answer 22

A swab or collection of cells containing DNA could be used for DNA analysis.

Question 23

Define DNA extraction

Answer 23

The technique used to isolate DNA in a biological sample.

Question 24

Define identical twins

Answer 24

Two people with exactly the same DNA make-up due to a fertilised egg splitting in two.

Question 25

Define Forensic evidence

Answer 25

Biological samples used to determine if a suspect was at a crime scene by comparing DNA samples.

Question 26

Define Paternity

Answer 26

The legal relationship between a father and their biological child

Question 27

Define endangered species

Answer 27

A species with low numbers still living in their natural habitats.

Question 28

Define Poaching

Answer 28

The killing, stealing or hunting of endangered or protected animals.

Question 29

Explain the DNA barcode

Answer 29

A method used for identifying species based on a short section of their DNA.

Question 30

Genetic disease

Answer 30

A hereditary flaw or defect in DNA that affects the organism negatively.