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Biology Unit 2 > DNA structure > Flashcards

DNA structure Flashcards

0
Q

What is a codon

A

3 nucleotides that code for an amino acid (also known as triplet)

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1
Q

In what ways does meiosis allow the production of genetically different cells?

A 
Independent segregation (the random lining up of chromosomes) 
Genetic recombination by crossing over (chromatids twist together, parts break off and re-join)
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2
Q

What is an exon

A

A stretch of DNA that codes for something

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3
Q

What is an intron

A

A stretch of DNA that does not code for anything

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4
Q

What’s a chromatid

A

An arm of a chromosome

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5
Q

What is the centromere

A

The point where the 2 chromatids join

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6
Q

What is an allele

A

Different forms of genes

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7
Q

What is diploid

A

A cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes

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8
Q

What is haploid

A

23 chromosomes/half the amount (sperm and egg cells)

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9
Q

What cell is prokaryotes

A

Bacterial

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10
Q

What cells is eukaryotes

A

Animal

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11
Q

What is genetic information?

A

The instructions needed for an egg to grow and develop into a fully grown adult

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12
Q

What are the individual stands made up of?

A

Polynucleotides

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13
Q

What does a sugar look like on a diagram?

A

A pentagon - bc it has 5 carbons

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14
Q

What’s a way of remembering what bases go together?

A

Apple Turnover with

Gloopy Custard

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15
Q

What is the word for DNA in that one base triplet can code for the same amino acid?

A

Degenerate

16
Q

What are regions of multiple repeats?

A

They’re DNA sequences outside of genes that repeat one or two bases over and over. It does not code for an amino acid

17
Q

What happens during protein synthesis?

A

Where the introns and multiple repeats are removed from the DNA sequence

18
Q

What is interphase?

A

The phase during the cell cycle in which the cell is not dividing

19
Q

What is a mutation

A

A change in the structure or amount of DNA

20
Q

What is the primary structure

A

The sequence of amino acids forming a protein/polypeptide chain

21
Q

What is the loci?

A

The position of a gene on a chromosome

22
Q

What is aneuploidy?

A

The loss or gain of a single chromosome (typically)

23
Q

What is polyploidy?

A

Additional whole sets of chromosomes

24
Q

What is the point where chromatids cross over during crossing over called

A

Chiasma

25
Q

What is a normal body cell called?

A

Somatic

26
Q

What is a specialised sex cell called?

A

A gamete

Biology Unit 2 (10 decks)

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