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BIOLOGY - RNA & DNA > DNA STRUCTURE > Flashcards

DNA STRUCTURE Flashcards

1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

what is the role of DNA?

A

codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of a protien, which determines the final 3D structure and function of a protiem

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3
Q

what it is and its shape

describe the structure of DNA

A

a polymer in a double helix shape

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4
Q

what is the monomer that makes up DNA called

A

nucleotides

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5
Q

what is a nucleotide made up of?

A

deoxyribose, a nitrogenous base and one phosphate group

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6
Q

what is a deoxyribose

A

a ribose sugar

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7
Q

In DNA , what can the nitrogenous bases be?

the base pairings

A

guianine, cytosine, adenine and thymine

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8
Q

what does cytosine pair with

A

guanine

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9
Q

what is the A+T pairing

A

adenine and thymine

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10
Q

what is the polymer of the nucleotides called?

A

polynucleotide

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11
Q

how are polynucleotides formed?

A

condenstation reactions

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12
Q

polynucleotides

what are the condensation reactions between?

A

deoxyribose sugar and the phosphate group

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13
Q

what bond is formed between the sugar and phosphate group

A

a phopshodiester bond

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14
Q

describe phosphodiester bonds

A

strong covalent bonds

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15
Q

what do phosphodiester bonds help ensure

A

that the genetic code is not broken down

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16
Q

what does the polynucleotide have

in terms of structure

A

a sugar phosphate backbone

17
Q

What does a sugar - phosphate ‘backbone’ describe?

A

the strong covalent bonds between the sugar and phosphate groups that hold the polymer together

18
Q

where can hydrogen bonds only form between

A

complimentary base pairs

19
Q

how many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine

A

2 hydrogen bonds

20
Q

how many hydrogen bonds form between cytosine and guanine

A

3 hyrdrogen bonds

21
Q

what do they help?

why are complimentary base pairings important

A

they help maintain the order of the genetic code when DNA replicates

22
Q

why is helping maintaining the order of the genetic code important

A

it reduces the chance of mutations

23
Q

how the DNA structure links to its function

sugar phosphate backbone (covalent bonds)

A

allows it to be stable

24
Q

how the DNA structure links to its function

double helix

A

helps prevent damage

25
Q

how the DNA structure links to its function

double stranded

A

so replication can occur using one strand as a template

26
Q

how the DNA structure links to its function

weak hydrogen bonds

A

easy separation of the two strands in a double helix during replication

27
Q

how the DNA structure links to its function

large molecules

A

to carry lots of genetic information

28
Q

how the DNA structure links to its function

complimentary base pairings

A

allows identical copies to be made

BIOLOGY - RNA & DNA (2 decks)

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