DNA structure

Question 1

DNA and RNA similarities

Answer 1

both types of nucleic acid
both found in all living cells
both needed to build proteins - essential for proper functioning of cells.
both important information carrying molecules (although they have different functions.)

Question 2

DNA function

Answer 2

store genetic information
contains the instructions for the growth and development of all organisms

Question 3

RNA function

Answer 3

To transfer genetic code found in DNA out of the nucleus and carry it to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Ribosomes are where proteins are produced - they read the RNA to make polypeptides (proteins) in a process called translation.

Question 4

what are the monomers of DNA and RNA called

Answer 4

nucleotides

Question 5

what is a nucleotide made of?

Answer 5

A pentose sugar
A nitrogen-containing organic base
A phosphate group

Question 6

DNA nucleotides components

Answer 6

A deoxyribose sugar with hydrogen at the 2’ position
A phosphate group
One nitrogenous base

Question 7

RNA components

Answer 7

A ribose sugar with a hydroxyl group at the 2’ position
A phosphate group

One nitrogenous base but thymine is replaced with uracil.

Question 8

RNA and DNA differences

Answer 8

Pentose sugar (ribose and deoxyribose)
Bases (T for U)
Number of strands (double and single)

Question 9

How do nucleotides join?

Answer 9

condensation reaction

Question 10

what is the chain of alternating phosphate groups and pentose sugars called?

Answer 10

Sugar-phospate backbone.

Question 11

Draw a DNA nucleotide

Answer 11

pentose sugar, labled as follows:
Oxygen at northen peak
1’ should be on right corner
The numbers should increase clockwise
attached to 1’ should be a nitrogenous base
a hydrogen should drop from 2’
phosphate group should comef rom 4’ and make a 5’ CH2 group.

Phosphate group is circle
nitrogenous base is rectangle
Pentose sugar is pentagon.

Question 12

how do bases bond?

Answer 12

hydrogen bonds between complimentry base pairs.
complimentry base pairing.

Question 13

how many hydrogen bonds between the bases?

Answer 13

T=A - 2
C≡G - 3

Question 14

what is the double helix

Answer 14

the three dimentional shape that DNA molecules form.

Question 15

Draw a RNA nucleotide

Answer 15

pentose sugar, labled as follows:
Oxygen at northen peak
1’ should be on right corner
The numbers should increase clockwise
attached to 1’ should be a nitrogenous base
a hydroxyl group should drop from 2’
phosphate group should comef rom 4’ and make a 5’ CH2 group.

Phosphate group is circle
nitrogenous base is rectangle
Pentose sugar is pentagon.

Question 16

What are ribosomes made of? how does it help with making protiens.

Answer 16

RNA and protiens
(ribosomal RNA) - able to catalyse the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

Question 17

what are 80S and 70S ribosomes made up of?

Answer 17

80S - 60S and 40S
70S - 50S and 30S

Question 18

where are 70S ribosomes found?

Answer 18

Prokaryotic cells + mitocondria + chloroplasts.

Question 19

what happens in the larger subunit of ribosomes?

Answer 19

translation

Question 20

what happens in translation?

Answer 20

the rRNA hold tRNA in place
rRNA catalyses the condensation reactions between amino acids.

Question 21

mRNA role in translation

Answer 21

sits between the two ribosome subunits and the ribosome moves along it as it translates it into a polypeptide.

Question 22

ribosome membrane?

Answer 22

NO

Question 23

Give me a rundown on why scientists didn’t believe in the model of DNA, remember to name the 3 people.

Answer 23

Doubted it could carry genetic code
too simple
only simple repeating nucleotides
20 different amino acids
4 different nucleotides
watson and crick confirmed double helix structure of DNA using Rosalind Franklin’s x-ray data.