DNA sequencing Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Define genome

A

all genetic material an organism contains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the aim of the human genome project

A

work out the sequence of all base pairs in human genome to identify all the genes to develop faster methods for sequencing DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the human genome consists of ….. base pairs and …. genes

A

3 billion
20,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define proteome

A

all the proteins a cell can produce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where can a proteome be derived from

A

genetic code if genome sequence is known
- only in simple organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the purpose of DNA sequencing projects

A

read genomes of many organisms which allows DNA screening to identify medical problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the importance of identifying a proteome?

A

allows identification of antigens for use in vaccine production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why can’t the proteome be derived from genetic sequences in more complex organisms?

A

non coding DNA and regulatory genes prevent the genome being easily translated into a proteome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a terminator base?

A

modified versions of nucleotide bases that stop DNA synthesis when they are read

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

summarise, in 6 stages, the process of DNA sequencing

A
  • DNA polymerase, primer, excess nucleotides, terminator bases and DNA mixed together in a thermocycler
  • DNA polymerase adds complementary bases to create new DNA
  • terminators are added randomly to terminate DNA synthesis at different points on each replicating strand
  • this continues until all DNA chains are produced with a terminator at each base
  • terminators are labelled with different fluorescent colours to identify them
  • DNA fragments are separated using gel electrophoresis according to length
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe how the DNA sequence is worked out after DNA sequencing process

A

by fragment length and base colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is high throughput sequencing?

A

processing and sequencing many DNA fragments simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe the first DNA sequencing?

A
  • done by hand
  • designed to read the base sequences of viral and bacterial DNA
  • used radioactive markers and gel electrophoresis to separate sections of DNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the weaknesses of the first DNA sequencing techniques?

A
  • time consuming
  • only study small sections of DNA at a time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly