DNA, RNA & Protein synthesis Flashcards
Define degenerate code.
A feature of a genetic code, more than one triplet can code for a particular amino acid.
Define locus.
The position of a chromosome where a particular allele is found.
Define exon
A section of DNA within a gene that codes for an amino acid.
Define intron.
A section of DNA within a gene that does not code for an amino acid.
Define chromosome.
A thread like structure made up of one long DNA molecule.
Define histone.
A protein that DNA wraps around to form a chromatin, which makes up chromosomes.
Define chromatid.
One ‘arm’ of a double stranded chromosome.
Define homologous chromosome.
Pairs of chromosomes that contain the same genetic information.
Define allele.
One or more alternative versions of the same gene.
Define genome.
All the genetic material in an organism.
Define proteome.
The full range of proteins an organism is able to produce.
Define polymer.
A large, complex molecule composed of long chains of monomers, proteins and carbohydrates.
Define codon.
A base triplet in DNA or mRNA that codes for an amino acid.
Define anticodon.
A sequence of three nucleotide bases at one end of the tRNA molecule that is specific to an mRNA codon.
Define splicing.
The process by which introns are removed from pre-mRNA strands and exons are joined to form mRNA.
