DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 2

What are the 2 reasons why DNA is unique?

Answer 2

Contains our genetic code, copies itself exactly

Question 3

What are the building blocks (monomers) of DNA?

Answer 3

Nucleotides

Question 4

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 4

Deoxyribose (5 carbon sugar)
Phosphate Group
Nitrogen Base

Question 5

What are the 4 nitrogen bases present in DNA?

Answer 5

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 6

What are purines? How many rings do they have?

Answer 6

A type of nitrogen base with double rings. (Adenine & Guanine)

Question 7

What are pyrimidines? How many rings do they have?

Answer 7

A type of nitrogen base with a single ring. (Thymine & Cytosine)

Question 8

The double helix structure of DNA was discovered by 4 scientists - what are their names and what was the year?

Answer 8

James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins
1953

Question 9

What did Erwin Chargaff discover?

Answer 9

Adenine = Thymine, Cytosine = Guanine.

Question 10

What is the “backbone” of DNA made up of?

Answer 10

Deoxyribose and the phosphate group.

Question 11

What holds the DNA molecule together?

Answer 11

Hydrogen bonds.

Question 12

The nitrogen bases are always connected to the (sugar or phosphate)?

Answer 12

Sugar (deoxyribose)

Question 13

Name the complementary strands of a DNA molecule.

Answer 13

Thymine = Adenine, Guanine = Cytosine

Question 14

What enzyme “unzips” the 2 strands of DNA in DNA replication?

Answer 14

DNA Helicase.

Question 15

What does DNA polymerase do?

Answer 15

DNA polymerase link DNA strands together with hydrogen bonds.