DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Review Guide Flashcards
What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What are the 2 reasons why DNA is unique?
Dna contains our genetic code
Dna copies itself ( replication) exactly.
What are the building blocks (monomers) of DNA?
Nucleo tides
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
5 carbon sugar called deoxyribos, phosohate group, nitrogen base.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases present in DNA?
Adenine(A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) , Guaninene (G)
What are purines? How many rings do they have?
A purine is an aromatic heterocycle composed of carbon and nitrogen. 2 rings
What are pyrimidines? How many rings do they have?
Cytosine, thymine, and uracil. 1 ring
The double helix structure of DNA was discovered by 4 scientists - what are their names and what was the year?
James watson
Francis crick
Rosalind Franklin
Maurice Wilkins
In 1953 it was discovered.
What is the “backbone” of DNA made up of?
alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups
What holds the DNA molecule together?
Hydrogen bonds between A-T and G-C Base pair
What are the 3 types of RNA? What does each type do?
Messenger RNA ( mRNA) provides the template for protein synthesis during translation., Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids and reads genetic code during translation, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) plays a structural and catalytic role during translation.
What are 4 differences between RNA and DNA?
2 Strands, Deoxyribose, A,T,C,G, and stores genetic info- DNA
1 strand, Ribose, A,G,C and U (u-uracil), Carry out instruction encoded in DNA- RNA
What enzyme is responsible for transcription?
RNA Polymerase
What is the universal start codon and what amino acid does it code for?
AUG
What are the 3 stop codons?
UAA, UAG,UGA
