DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards
In which 2 ways is DNA unique?
- DNA contains our genetic code
- DNA copies itself (replicates) exactly
The building blocks of DNA are ______
Nucleotides
What are the 3 parts of each DNA nucleotide?
- Five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogen base (A, T, C, G)
What are the purines? How many rings do they have?
Adenine and Guanine
2 rings
What are the pyrimidines? How many rings do they have?
Thymine and Cytosine
1 ring
DNA is shaped like a ___________
Double helix
Who was DNA discovered by? How?
James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins
X-ray diffraction
__________ bonds hold the __ strands of DNA together between the bases
Hydrogen, 2
Who discovered that the percentage of guanine and cytosine are almost equal? (Same for adenine and guanine)
Erwin Chargaff
__________ always binds with thymine
Adenine
__________ always binds with guanine
Cytosine
(Steps of replication 1) The two strands of DNA are unzipped by an enzyme called _________, which breaks the _________ bonds between the _________ bases.
DNA helicase, hydrogen, nitrogenous
(Steps of replication 2) The unpaired bases combine with ____________ bases floating in the _____________.
complementary, nucleus
(Steps of replication 3) ____________ bonds link the complements of the old strand of DNA with the aid of an enzyme called ___________.
Hydrogen, DNA Polymerase
What are genes?
(Found in DNA) are coded instructions that control the production of proteins in the cell.
