DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards
In which 2 ways is DNA unique?
- DNA contains our genetic code
- DNA copies itself (replicates) exactly
The building blocks of DNA are ______
Nucleotides
What are the 3 parts of each DNA nucleotide?
- Five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogen base (A, T, C, G)
What are the purines? How many rings do they have?
Adenine and Guanine
2 rings
What are the pyrimidines? How many rings do they have?
Thymine and Cytosine
1 ring
DNA is shaped like a ___________
Double helix
Who was DNA discovered by? How?
James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins
X-ray diffraction
__________ bonds hold the __ strands of DNA together between the bases
Hydrogen, 2
Who discovered that the percentage of guanine and cytosine are almost equal? (Same for adenine and guanine)
Erwin Chargaff
__________ always binds with thymine
Adenine
__________ always binds with guanine
Cytosine
(Steps of replication 1) The two strands of DNA are unzipped by an enzyme called _________, which breaks the _________ bonds between the _________ bases.
DNA helicase, hydrogen, nitrogenous
(Steps of replication 2) The unpaired bases combine with ____________ bases floating in the _____________.
complementary, nucleus
(Steps of replication 3) ____________ bonds link the complements of the old strand of DNA with the aid of an enzyme called ___________.
Hydrogen, DNA Polymerase
What are genes?
(Found in DNA) are coded instructions that control the production of proteins in the cell.
The first step in decoding the gene’s messages is to copy part of the sequence from the DNA into ______ (ribonucleic acid)
RNA
RNA is a temporary, disposable copy of DNA (True or False)
True
Does DNA or RNA have to stay in the nucleus?
DNA
what is the function of RNA?
RNA takes the genetic code of the DNA to the site of protein synthesis, the ribosome.
