DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What are the 2 reasons why DNA is unique?

Answer 2

It has all of our genetic information and it exactly copies

Question 3

What are the building blocks (monomers) of DNA?

Answer 3

Nucleotides

Question 4

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 4

5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, nitrogenous base

Question 5

What are the 4 nitrogen bases present in DNA?

Answer 5

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 6

What are purines? How many rings do they have?

Answer 6

Double rings - adenine and guanine

Question 7

What are pyrimidines? How many rings do they have?

Answer 7

Single rings - cytosine, thymine

Question 8

The double helix structure of DNA was discovered by 4 scientists - what are their names and what was the year?

Answer 8

James Watson, Francis Crick, as well as Roailand Franklin and Maurice Wilkins - discovered in 1953

Question 9

What did Erwin Chargaff discover?

Answer 9

Charaffs rule - the rule that in DNA there is always equality in quantity between the bases A and T and then bases C and G

Question 10

What is the “backbone” of DNA made up of?

Answer 10

A phosphate backbone

Question 11

What holds the DNA molecule together?

Answer 11

Hydrogen bonds

Question 12

The nitrogen bases are always connected to the (sugar or phosphate)?

Answer 12

Sugar

Question 13

Name the complementary strands of a DNA molecule.

Answer 13

Adenine bonds with thymine, and cytosine with guanine

Question 14

What enzyme “unzips” the 2 strands of DNA in DNA replication?

Answer 14

DNA helicase

Question 15

What does DNA polymerase do?

Answer 15

It rebuilds the DNA after being unzipped