DNA/ RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of RNA

A
  1. Single stranded
  2. Uracil not Thymine
  3. Ribose not 2-Deoxyribose
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2
Q

What are the 3 forms of RNA?

A
  1. Messenger, mRNA (ss)
  2. Ribosomal, rRNA (ds)
  3. Transfer, tRNA (ds)
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3
Q

What is the unit ‘S’?

A

Svedberg units: sedimentation rates of RNA types

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4
Q

Which type of RNA is heterologous?

A

mRNA: different lengths - no single size dominants

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5
Q

Define transcription:

A

RNA polymerase synthesises a complementary copy of one of the DNA strands (exact copy)

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6
Q

Define translation

A

Process of reading mRNA using tRNA w/ complementary anticodons that attach amino acids to chain

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7
Q

What is on the 5’ end of deoxyribose?

A

free phosphate groups

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8
Q

What is on the 3’ end of deoxyribose?

A

free hydroxyl groups

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9
Q

What are the 5 elements of a gene unit? (prokaryote)

A
  1. promotor
  2. ribosome binding site
  3. leader/ signal sequence (only exports)
  4. open reading frame
  5. terminator
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10
Q

Which end of a gene is the downstream end?

A

3’

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11
Q

What are chaotrophic agents?

A

They disrupt hydrogen bonds in water/ between

  • increases the entropy of a system
  • can denature DNA/RNA
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12
Q

What are common chaotrophic agents for RNA?

A
  • Formamide
  • Formaldehyde
  • Guanidinium Isothiocynate
  • Phenol
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13
Q

When is urea used as a CA?

A

in special polyacrylamide DNA sequencing gels

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14
Q

What are issues with isolating RNA?

A
  • SS: easily fragmented by ribonuclease enzymatic digestion (less yield of full length heterologous RNA)
  • Need to separate from other macromolecules p23.
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