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DNA > DNA&RNA > Flashcards

DNA&RNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

DNA

A

the set of nongenetic traits, qualities, or features that characterize a person or thing.

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1
Q

Universal code

A

A code use to define DNA

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2
Q

Double Helix

A

the spiral arrangement of the two complementary strands of DNA.

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3
Q

Deoxyribose

A

any of certain carbohydrates derived from ribose by the replacement of a hydroxyl group with a hydrogen atom.
the sugar, HOCH 2 (CHOH) 2 CH 2 CHO, obtained from DNA by hydrolysis.

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4
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Links A with T and G with C

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5
Q

Complementary

A

How each new nucleotide chain compared to the one on which it is formed

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6
Q

Semi-conservative

A

disposed to preserve existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to restore traditional ones, and to limit change.

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7
Q

Nucleic acid

A

any of a group of long, linear macromolecules, either DNA or various types of RNA, that carry genetic information directing all cellular functions: composed of linked nucleotides.

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8
Q

Nucleotide

A

any of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA or RNA: composed of a phosphate group, the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and a pentose sugar, in RNA the thymine base being replaced by uracil.

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9
Q

Phosphate

A

a salt or ester of phosphoric acid. What makes up a base

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10
Q

Nitrogen base

A

A, T, G, C a nitrogen-containing organic compound that has the chemical properties of a base, especially a pyrimidine or purine.

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11
Q

Covalent bond

A

What connects bases to form strands

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12
Q

RNA

A

Acts as a blue print in the master code. Made of single strand. Copies DNA code and carries the genetic info to the ribosomes.

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13
Q

mRNA

A

Carries message to the ribosome

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14
Q

rRNA

A

Along with proteins, makes up the ribosomes

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15
Q

tRNA

A

Transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized.

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16
Q

Uracil

A

Replace thymine in RNA.

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17
Q

Ribose

A

RNA monomer. a pentose sugar obtained by the hydrolysis of RNA.

18
Q

Replication

A

What happens when you make another DNA strand exactly like the original one

19
Q

Replication fork

A

a Y-shaped part of a chromosome that is the site for DNA strand separation and then duplication

20
Q

Helicase

A

Unzips DNA strand

21
Q

Polymerase

A

Enzyme that’s required to copy DNA.
any of several enzymes that catalyze the formation of a long-chain molecule by linking smaller molecular units, as nucleotides with nucleic acids.

22
Q

Pyrimidine

A

Thymine and cytosine

23
Q

Purine

A

Adenine and guanine

24
Q

Cytosine

A

A base that pairs with guanine

25
Q

Thymine

A

A base that’s only in DNA and only pairs with Adenine

26
Q

Guanine

A

A base that pairs with cytosine

27
Q

Adenine

A

A base that pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA

28
Q

Protein synthesis

A

The production or synthesis of polypeptide chains (proteins)

29
Q

Codon

A

Link three bases

30
Q

Translation

A

A phase in protein synthesis.

31
Q

Transcription

A

Copying of the sequence of one strand of DNA, the template strand.

32
Q

Termination signal

A

Tells the RNA polymers when to stop transcribing

33
Q

Anticodon

A

Opposite the attachment site on tRNA are 3 nucleotide bases

34
Q

Introns

A

a noncoding segment in a length of DNA that interrupts a gene-coding sequence or nontranslated sequence, the corresponding segment being removed from the RNA copy before transcription.

35
Q

Exton

A

any portion of an interrupted gene that is represented in the RNA product and is translated into protein.

36
Q

Mutation

A

a sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome.

37
Q

Mutgen

A

a substance or preparation capable of inducing mutation.

38
Q

Point mutation

A

a change in a single base in a nucleotide sequence.

39
Q

Frame shift

A

the addition or deletion of one or more nucleotides in a strand of DNA, which shifts the codon triplets of the genetic code of messenger RNA and causes a misreading during translation, resulting in an aberrant protein and therefore a mutation.

40
Q

Substitution

A

When you switch bases In a DNA or RNA strand

41
Q

Insertion

A

You and bases to a DNA or RNA strand

42
Q

Deletion

A

When you take bases out of a DNA or RNA strand

DNA (1 decks)

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