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Bio 101 > DNA + RNA > Flashcards

DNA + RNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the full form of DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What is the full form of RNA?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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3
Q

True or False: DNA is double-stranded and RNA is single-stranded.

A

True

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4
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

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5
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA?

A

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

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6
Q

What sugar is found in the backbone of DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

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7
Q

What sugar is found in the backbone of RNA?

A

Ribose

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8
Q

Which type of bond holds the nitrogenous bases together in DNA?

A

Hydrogen bond

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9
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

A

Helicase

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10
Q

What is the process by which DNA is copied to produce an identical strand called?

A

Replication

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11
Q

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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12
Q

Which type of RNA is involved in the synthesis of proteins?

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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13
Q

Which type of RNA plays a role in ribosomal structure and catalyzing protein synthesis?

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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14
Q

What is the term for a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid?

A

Codon

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15
Q

True or False: DNA is primarily located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

A

True

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16
Q

Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in DNA?

A

Thymine

17
Q

Which nitrogenous base pairs with guanine in RNA?

A

Cytosine

18
Q

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

A

Double helix

19
Q

What is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?

A

RNA polymerase

20
Q

What is the process by which information from DNA is converted into mRNA called?

A

Transcription

21
Q

What is the process by which mRNA is decoded into a protein called?

A

Translation

22
Q

Which type of RNA is responsible for processing and transporting mRNA out of the nucleus?

A

Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)

23
Q

Which nitrogenous base pairs with uracil in RNA?

A

Adenine

24
Q

What is the term for a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to genetic variation?

A

Mutation

Bio 101 (1 decks)

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