DNA/RNA Flashcards
diagram of dna nucleotide
penthouse sugar
nitrogous base
phosphate group
differences between rna and dna
dna has a double stranded helical structure whereas rna has single stranded molucule
dna contains deoxyribose inside its backbone wheras rna contains ribose sugar inside its backbone
dna is found inside the nucleus of cell
whereas rna can be found in the cytoplasm of the cell
5 main enzymes involved in dna replication
1.dna helicase
2.dna plymerase
3.primase
4.dna ligase
5.topoisomerase
three stages of transcription
1.initiation:rna starts copying a specific spot on dna
2.elongation:rna is made by copying dna
3.termination:rna copying stops and rna is released
definition of a protein
is a a large molecule made up of amino acids involved in giving the body energy
why is the 3D shape of a protein so important
the 3D shape is so important because it actively tells us the function of a protein, its like a lock that fits into a key, if that lock change shape it can longer function properly
active site of an enzyme
this is where a chemical reaction takes place
an enzyme grabs onto its target molecule and helps change it into something else.
diagram of the cell cycle
g1-cell growth
s-replication
g2-preparation of mitosis
cell division-pmat
interphase
tetrad
group of microorganisms that are arranged together
crossing over
during cell division cells are diving making two identical daughter cells through mitosis
homologous chromosomes
are pairs of chromosomes with similar genes from each parent
>important for generic inheritance and diversity
differences between meiosis and mitosis
> meiosis produces gametes
mitosis maintains same chromosome number as the parent cell, diploid daughter cell
4 genetically unique daughter cells
2 identical daughter cell
meiosis sexual reproduction
mitosis cell division
