DNA&RNA Flashcards
process by which the instructions in the dna are converted into a functional product
Central Dogma
translate the Mrna codons to correct amino acids
Transfer RNA
binds mRna and Trna
Ribosomal RNA
transcribes the DNA nucleotide to Rna nucleotide
Messenger RNA
Four Nitrogenous Bases of the DNA
Adenine - Thymine (Purines)
Guanine - Cytosine (Purines)
Thymine - Adenine (Pyrimidines)
Cytosine - Guanine (Pyrimidines)
Four Nitrogenous Bases of the RNA
Adenine - Uracil
Guanine - Cytosine
Thymine - Adenine
Cytosine - Guanine
It is what binds the nitrogenous bases
Hydrogen bases
its the backbone of the DNA
Phosphate and sugar (deoxyribose)
it is a molecule that contains the biological instruction that make each species unique, and it has a shape of a double helix
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
these are one-carbon nitrogen ring bases.
Pryimidines
these are two-carbon nitrogen ring
Purines
It helps in the synthesis of proteins in our body. This nucleic acid is responsible for the production of new cells in the human body. It is usually obtained from the DNA molecule.
Ribonucleic Acid
The complete DNA instruction book
Genome
How many chromosomes does a human have?
23 pairs
he is discoverer of the structure of DNA in 1958.
Francis Click
The process by which the DNA instructions are converted into the functional product
gene expression
three nucleotides in the mRNA molecule is called a;
Codon
its main job is to make the proteins that living things
need to grow.
DNA
its main job is to make the proteins that living things
need to grow.
DNA
It affects the sex cells of an organism by changing the sequence of nucleotides within a gene in a sperm or an egg cell.
Mutations
It is a permanent change in the DNA sequence
Gene Mutation
It occurs at the chromosome level resulting in gene deletion, duplication or rearrangement that may occur during the cell cycle and meiosis.
Chromosomal Mutation
one chromosome is swapped with another chromosome
one chromosome is swapped with another chromosome
loss of genetic material
Deletion
a duplicate part of the chromosome
Duplication
A flipped part in the chromosome
Inversion
gets inserted to another chromosome
Insertion
this is caused by a deletion part of the short arm of chromosome 5 (high-pitched cries that sounds like a cat)
Cri du chat
It is an abnormality in the number of chromosomes in a cell due to loss or duplication.
Aneuploidy
caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (moderate mental retardation)
Down Syndrome
trisomy 18 (mental retardation and 99% die in infancy)
Edward Syndrome
terminal 11q (a very rare deletion disorder)
Stiff neck
Jacobsen Syndrome
men with this condition tend to have longer arms and legs (shy and quiet) (XXY)
Klinfelter Syndrome
Female sexual characteristics are underdeveloped.
They often have a short stature, low hairline, abnormal eye features and bone development and a “caved-in” appearance to the chest (OX)
Turner Syndrome
chromosomal disorder that affects male and is caused by an extra y chromosome (XYY)
Jacob Syndrome
trisomy X and 47 caused by an extra X chromosome in a female cell.
Triple X Syndrome
