DNA replication

Question 1

What are telomeres

Answer 1

Highly repetitive DNA that lallow ends of chromosome to be replicated and protect the ends of chromosomes being mistaken as broken

Question 2

What are centromeres

Answer 2

repetitive DNA which forms the spindle attachment site in mitosis

Question 3

What is the origin of replication

Answer 3

Special sequence where duplication of DNA begins each chromosome will have many origins

Question 4

What is the S phase and M phase

Answer 4

s = DNA replication and M is mitosis

Question 5

Describe the semiconservative replication model

Answer 5

Meselson and Stahl

N15 and N14

Question 6

Describe DNA synthesis

Answer 6

DNA polymerase and Mg2+
dNTPS(dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP)
Single stranded template DNA 
Primer 3' - OH
5' to 3'
Breakage of phosphoanhydride bond of dNTP provides energy to form phosphodiester bond

Question 7

Describe DNA polymerase

Answer 7

more accurate than RNA polymerase and can proofread

Question 8

What does bidirectional DNA replication produce?

Answer 8

Replication bubbles

Question 9

Describe the differences in genomes

Answer 9

Eukaryotic genomes are large and arranged as linear chromosomes.
Bactieral genomes are small, compact and circular

Question 10

Describe the genetic material of bacteria

Answer 10

Single circular double stranded DNA molecule
No histone proteins
Associated with Mg2+ and polyamides - spermine, spermidine and putrescine
Plasmids
One origin of replication

Question 11

Describe replication fork

Answer 11

Both strands copied at replication fork, synthesis in 5’ to 3’ direction