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GENETICS IN BIO > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

It is semi-conservative, starts at the origin, synthesis always begins in the 5’-3’ direction

A

Replication

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1
Q

The information stored in DNA is transferred to RNA molecules during Transcription and to proteins during translation

A

Central Dogma of Biology

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2
Q

(REPLICATION)
each of the two newly formed DNA molecules consists of one original (parental) strand and one newly synthesized strand

A

Semi-conservative

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3
Q

(REPLICATION)
Begins at specific locations on the DNA molecule known as origins of replication

A

Starts at the origin

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4
Q

(REPLICATION)
Each strand of DNA has a directionality based on the orientation of its sugar-phosphate backbone

A

Synthesis always begins in the 5’-3’ direction

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5
Q

(REPLICATION)
Replication forks move in one or opposite directions

A

Can be uni- bidirectional

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6
Q

(REPLICATION)
one strand (the leading strand) is synthesized continuously, while the other strand (the lagging strand) is synthesized discontinuously in fragments

A

Semi-discontinuous

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7
Q

(REPLICATION)
provide the starting point for DNA synthesis

A

RNA Primers required

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8
Q

(CORE PROTIENS AT THE REPLICATION FORK)

prevents torsion by DNA breaks

A

Topoisomerase

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9
Q

(CORE PROTIENS AT THE REPLICATION FORK)

Separates 2 strands

A

Helicase

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10
Q

(CORE PROTIENS AT THE REPLICATION FORK)

RNA primer synthesis

A

Primase

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11
Q

(CORE PROTIENS AT THE REPLICATION FORK)

prevent reannealing of single strands

A

Single strand binding proteins

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12
Q

(CORE PROTIENS AT THE REPLICATION FORK)

Synthesis of new strand

A

DNA polymerase

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13
Q

(CORE PROTIENS AT THE REPLICATION FORK)

stabilizes polymerase

A

Tethering protein

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14
Q

(CORE PROTIENS AT THE REPLICATION FORK)

seals nicks (small gaps) via phosphodiester linkage

A

DNA ligase

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15
Q

(MECHANISM OF DNA REPLICATION)

Origin of replication
Unwinding
Priming

A

Initiation

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16
Q

Leading strand
Lagging Strand
Fragment joining

A

Elongation

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17
Q

(MECHANISM OF DNA REPLICATION)

Completion

A

Termination

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18
Q

The conversion of genes into their functional products

A

gene expression

19
Q

Sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid

A

Codon

20
Q

This is the start codon

A

AUG

21
Q

this is one of the stop codons

A

UAA

22
Q

This is where DNA is transcribed into RNA

A

Transcription

23
Q

This is where RNA is translated to proteins

A

Translation

24
Q

(TRANSCRIPTION)

Promoter Region
RNA Polymerase binding
Formation of transcription bubbles

A

Initiation

25
Q

(TRANSCRIPTION)

RNA Synthesis
Proofreading

A

Elongation

26
Q

(TRANSCRIPTION)

Termination Signal
Release of RNA transcript

A

Termination

27
Q

(Key enzymes)

enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA

A

RNA Polymerase

28
Q

(Key enzymes)

Proteins that assist in the initiation of transcription by helping RNA polymerase bind to the promoter

A

Transcription Factors

29
Q

This is where RNA are translated to proteins

A

Translation

30
Q

(TRANSLATION)

Ribosome assembly
tRNA Binding
Large Ribosomal Subunit Binding

A

Initiation

31
Q

(TRANSLATION)

Codon Recognition
Peptide Bond Formation
Translocation

A

Elongation

32
Q

(TRANSLATION)

Stop Codon Recognition
release of polypeptide

A

Termination

33
Q

(TRANSCRIPTION IN PROKARYOTES VS EUKARYOTES)

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are separated by the nuclear membrane; in prokaryotes, they can occur simultaneously

A

Compartmentalization

34
Q

(TRANSCRIPTION IN PROKARYOTES VS EUKARYOTES)

Eukaryotic mRNA undergoes significant post-transcriptional modifications, whereas prokaryotic mRNA does not

A

mRNA processing

35
Q

(PROKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTION)

Where would be transcription occur, and why?

A

Cytoplasm; lack of nucleus

36
Q

(PROKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTION)

Prokaryotic mRNA is often?

A

polycistronic; encoding alot of proteins

37
Q

(PROKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTION)

What does prokaryotic genes lack

A

introns

38
Q

(EUKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTION)

Where does it take place? Why?

A

Nucleus; allowing for separation from translation

39
Q

(EUKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTION)

Eukaryotic mRNA is typically?

A

Monocistronic; encoding one protein

40
Q

(EUKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTION)

this includes splicing to remove introns

A

RNA Processing

41
Q

(PROKARYOTIC TRANSLATION)

Why is it simultaneous with transcription?

A

It lacks a nucleus therefore it can begin on an mRNA molecule even before transcription is complete

42
Q

(PROKARYOTIC TRANSLATION)

Prokaryotic ribosomes are?

A

70S

43
Q

(EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION)

why and how does it seperate from transcription

A

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm

44
Q

(PROKARYOTIC TRANSLATION)

What aligns with the 16S rRNA in the small ribosomal subunit to position the start codon correctly

A

Shine-Dalgarno

45
Q

(EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION)

Eukaryotic ribosomes are?

A

80S

46
Q

(EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION)

What does initiation do here?

A

It assembles the translation initiation complex

GENETICS IN BIO (1 decks)

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