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DNA, Cell Cycle, Gene Expression > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the sugar attached to on the 3’ end of DNA?

A

The hydroxyl group

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2
Q

What is the sugar attached to on the 5’ end of DNA?

A

A phosphate group

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3
Q

What is the model for DNA replication known as?

A

Semiconservative model

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4
Q

What does helicase do?

A

Unzips the DNA strands

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5
Q

What does topoisomerase do?

A

Removes supercoiling ahead of helicase

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6
Q

What is DNA Polymerase III?

A

Synthesizes DNA in the leading and lagging strands

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7
Q

What does primase do?

A

Lays down a short piece of RNA primer

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8
Q

What does DNA Polymerase do?

A

Removes RNA primer and fills in gaps with DNA

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9
Q

What do single stranded binding proteins do?

A

binds to single stranded DNA
and prevents it from re-forming a double stranded structure

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10
Q

What side of the DNA strand DNA polymerase add nucleotides to?

A

The 3’ Side

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11
Q

What is a leading strand?

A

A daughter strand that is made continuously

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12
Q

What is a lagging strand?

A

A daughter strand made in Okazaki fragments

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13
Q

In what direction do daughter strands grow?

A

5’-3’

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14
Q

What enzyme glues Okazaki fragments together?

A

DNA ligase

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15
Q

What are the two types of DNA mutations?

A

Miss ese and frameshift

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16
Q

What is a missense mutation?

A

One base is switched, resulting in a new protein

17
Q

What is a frameshift mutation?

A

Alters the reading frame of the sequence through insertion or deletion

18
Q

What is a telomere?

A

Telomeres are the caps at the end of each strand of DNA that protect our chromosomes, like the plastic tips at the end of shoelaces.

19
Q

What happens to telomeres each time a cell copies itself?

A

They get shorter each time

20
Q

What happens when telomeres get too short to do their job?

A

cells start to age and stop functioning properly

21
Q

What type of DNA has no histones?

A

Bacterial DNA

DNA, Cell Cycle, Gene Expression (6 decks)

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