DNA→Proteins Review Flashcards
What is the special shape of DNA called?
double helix
which type of bonds will join the two DNA bases?
hydrogen bonds
Which nucleotide part (s) make up the outside of the DNA ladder?
Sugar and Phosphate
Which nucleotide part (s) make up the rungs of the DNA ladder?
Base
What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA ?
Adenine, thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
What are the steps in DNA replication ?
- DNA replication
- DNA unwinds
- DNA helicase unzips the DNA
- DNA polymerizes adds bases to the DNA template
- Two semi-conservative DNA strands made
What does semi-conservative DNA strands means?
1 DNA strand is new, and 1 DNA strand is old
The primary function of DNA in cells is to
store information that tell cells which proteins to make
what is the repeating monomer (subunit) if a DNA molecule?
nucleotide
What aspect of the DNA molecule encodes hereditary information concerning an organism’s trait?
the sequence (order) of base pairs
Tissue sample taken from the heart and stomach of a grasshopper would be expected to have the same?
DNA
Scientists can use genetic information to identify people because it is unique to each other. Which specific characteristic is unique to an individual?
sequence of DNA nucleotides
Each DNA nucleotide is made of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base (A,T,G,C) . What is the sugar in DNA called? (Hint: DO the letters DNA represent)
deoxyribose
- discovered that DNA is a double helix
- Used x-rays to identify the shape of DNA
- Discovered A=t and G=C
- Discovered that DNA is the genetic material
- Watson +Crick
- Franklin
- Chargaff
- Hershey + chase
What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the understanding of DNA molecules?
an image indicating the shape of DNA molecule
In 1950, Erwin Chargaff discovered that the percentage of adenine equals the percentage of thymine, and that percentage of cytosine equals the percentage of guanine. This provided invaluable to the eventful discovery of which aspect of DNA?
structure
-ACGAT-
The base sequence of a mRNA strand tat complements (completes) this DNA base sequence is-
UGCUA
Proteins are among the most diverse group of macromolecules–
different amino acids that can be connected in many sequences
The RNA responsible for carrying protein synthesis information from DNA to the chromosomes is-
messenger RNA
DNA passes information to RNA. The newly coded RNA then travels out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm in the process of -
Transcription
The weakness of the hydrogen bonds between the bases of DNA allows-
base pairs to separate during transcription and replication
If a DNA molecule is 20% adenine in any organism, which percentage of thymine will that DNA molecule contain?
20%
