DNA→Proteins Review

Question 1

What is the special shape of DNA called?

Answer 1

double helix

Question 2

which type of bonds will join the two DNA bases?

Answer 2

hydrogen bonds

Question 3

Which nucleotide part (s) make up the outside of the DNA ladder?

Answer 3

Sugar and Phosphate

Question 4

Which nucleotide part (s) make up the rungs of the DNA ladder?

Answer 4

Base

Question 5

What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA ?

Answer 5

Adenine, thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine

Question 6

What are the steps in DNA replication ?

Answer 6

1. DNA replication
2. DNA unwinds
3. DNA helicase unzips the DNA
4. DNA polymerizes adds bases to the DNA template
5. Two semi-conservative DNA strands made

Question 7

What does semi-conservative DNA strands means?

Answer 7

1 DNA strand is new, and 1 DNA strand is old

Question 8

The primary function of DNA in cells is to

Answer 8

store information that tell cells which proteins to make

Question 9

what is the repeating monomer (subunit) if a DNA molecule?

Answer 9

nucleotide

Question 10

What aspect of the DNA molecule encodes hereditary information concerning an organism’s trait?

Answer 10

the sequence (order) of base pairs

Question 11

Tissue sample taken from the heart and stomach of a grasshopper would be expected to have the same?

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

Scientists can use genetic information to identify people because it is unique to each other. Which specific characteristic is unique to an individual?

Answer 12

sequence of DNA nucleotides

Question 13

Each DNA nucleotide is made of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base (A,T,G,C) . What is the sugar in DNA called? (Hint: DO the letters DNA represent)

Answer 13

deoxyribose

Question 14

1. discovered that DNA is a double helix
2. Used x-rays to identify the shape of DNA
3. Discovered A=t and G=C
4. Discovered that DNA is the genetic material

Answer 14

1. Watson +Crick
2. Franklin
3. Chargaff
4. Hershey + chase

Question 15

What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the understanding of DNA molecules?

Answer 15

an image indicating the shape of DNA molecule

Question 16

In 1950, Erwin Chargaff discovered that the percentage of adenine equals the percentage of thymine, and that percentage of cytosine equals the percentage of guanine. This provided invaluable to the eventful discovery of which aspect of DNA?

Answer 16

structure

Question 17

-ACGAT-

The base sequence of a mRNA strand tat complements (completes) this DNA base sequence is-

Answer 17

UGCUA

Question 18

Proteins are among the most diverse group of macromolecules–

Answer 18

different amino acids that can be connected in many sequences

Question 19

The RNA responsible for carrying protein synthesis information from DNA to the chromosomes is-

Answer 19

messenger RNA

Question 20

DNA passes information to RNA. The newly coded RNA then travels out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm in the process of -

Answer 20

Transcription

Question 21

The weakness of the hydrogen bonds between the bases of DNA allows-

Answer 21

base pairs to separate during transcription and replication

Question 22

If a DNA molecule is 20% adenine in any organism, which percentage of thymine will that DNA molecule contain?

Answer 22

20%