DNA, proteins and protesomes

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

segments of DNA that code for a protein

Question 2

Building block of a nucleic acid

Answer 2

Nucleotide

Question 3

nucleotide

Answer 3

https://www.biologyexams4u.com/2021/05/which-are-3-components-of-dna-bonds-in-DNA-nucleotide.html

Question 4

A five carbon sugar

Answer 4

Pentose sugar

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE: each end of a DNA strand is known as the 3’ (3 prime) and the 5’ (5 prime)

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

TRUE OR FALSE: for one strand of DNA, the 5’ is at the bottom and the 3’ is on the bottom. Meaning that on the other strand of DNA, the 3’ is at the top and the 5’ is on the bottomb

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE: the 3’ and 5’ represent which carbon on the pentose sugar is available to bond with if another nucleotide was to be added

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 9

RNA

Answer 9

Ribonucleic acid

Question 10

Differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 10

1. DNA has a deoxyribose sugar whereas RNA has a ribose sugar
2. DNA contains thymine whereas RNA contains uracil (nitrogenous bases)
3. DNA is double stranded whereas RNA is single stranded
   4.

Question 11

Copy DNA

Answer 11

• single stranded DNA that is created when infected by an RNA virus.
• DNA nucleic bases line up with complementary RNA bases

Question 12

Transcription vs Reverse-transcription

Answer 12

Transcription: DNA–>RNA
Reverse-transcription: RNA–>DNA

Question 13

Proteins are made at the ribosomes. Therefore since enzymes are protein molecules they

Answer 13

will also be found at the ribosomes

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE: Enzymes always end in “ase” (e.g. amylase)

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

Protesomes

Answer 15

all the proteins coded for in an organism

Question 16

Genome

Answer 16

all the genes in an organism

Question 17

TRUE OR FALSE: Genes do not code for the production of proteins required for an organism to function

Answer 17

FALSE

Question 18

Palindrome

Answer 18

level/same in both directions –> Same on either strand of DNA

Question 19

Splitting of the palindrome via enzymes (e.g. Crispr enzymes)

Answer 19

https://microbenotes.com/restriction-enzyme-restriction-endonuclease/

Question 20

TRUE OR FALSE: The splitting of a palindrome by an enzyme results in reorganisation to make own DNA (nucleic acid –> split –> reorganised –> makes own DNA)

Answer 20

TRUE