DNA/Protein synthesis Flashcards
Double Helix
the structure of DNA
Nucleotide
organic molecules consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate
Deoxyribose
a monosaccharide of sugar
Base-pairing Rules
explaining the phenomenon that whatever the amount of adenine (A) in the DNA of an organism, the amount of thymine (T) is the same (called Chargaff’s rule)
DNA Replication
producing two identical replicas of DNA from an original DNA molecule
Replication fork
structure that forms within the long helical DNA during DNA replication.
DNA Helicase
Helicase unwinds the DNA. Helicases are enzymes that bind and may even remodel nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes.
DNA Polymerase
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA.
RNA
ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells.
Transcription
the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence.
Translation
Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands of a gene.
Transfer RNA
a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein.
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to direct the assembly of a protein molecule.
