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Unit 4: Genetic Information, Variation & Relationships between Organisms > DNA & Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

DNA & Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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Conversation Starters flashcards
1
Q

What is a genome?

A

The complete set of genes in a cell

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2
Q

What is the gene locus?

A

The fixed position that a gene occupies on a DNA molecule

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3
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Red light structure made up of one long molecule of DNA is found in the nucleus

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4
Q

What is an intron?

A

A non-coding region of the gene

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5
Q

What is an exon?

A

A sequence of DNA that codes for an amino acid sequence

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6
Q

What are non-coding multiple repeats?

A

The same base sequences repeated multiple times

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7
Q

Why is eukaryotic DNA considered non-coding?

A

There are mutations

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8
Q

What proteins associate with eukaryotic DNA?

A

Histones

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9
Q

Describe the DNA in eukaryotes
(6 points)

A

Linear DNA
Longer DNA
Associated with histone proteins
Forms chromosomes
Doesn’t have plasmids
Contains introns

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10
Q

Describe the DNA in prokaryotes
(6 points)

A

Circular DNA
Shorter DNA
Not associated with histone proteins
Doesn’t form chromosomes
Some have plasmids
No introns

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11
Q

Describe DNA in chloroplasts and mitochondria
(6 points)

A

The same as in a prokaryotic cell
Circular DNA
Shorter DNA
Not associated with histone proteins
Doesn’t form chromosomes
Some have plasmids
No introns

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12
Q

What does degenerate mean?

A

More than one triplet code for each amino acid

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13
Q

What does non-overlapping mean?

A

Each base is part of only one triplet

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14
Q

What does universal mean?

A

In all organisms, each triplet code for the same amino acid

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15
Q

What is a genome?

A

The complete set of genes in an organism

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16
Q

What is a proteome?

A

The full range of different proteins that an organism is able to produce

17
Q

What are the differences between DNA nucleotides in RNA nucleotides?
(5 points)

A

DNA is double-stranded, whereas RNA is single-stranded
DNA is longer than RNA
DNA is self replicating whereas RNA isn’t
DNA nucleotides have a deoxyribose sugar whereas RNA nucleotides have a ribose sugar
RNA nucleotides contain uracil instead of thymine

18
Q

What is the structure of mRNA?
(5 points)

A

Single-stranded
Linear DNA
Polynucleotide chain
Shorter than DNA
Complimentary to the sequence of bases on a DNA strand with uracil instead of thymine

19
Q

What is the structure of tRNA?
(5 points)

A

Single-stranded
Polynucleotide chain
Hydrogen bonds giving it a clover leaf shape
Has an amino acid binding
Has an anticodon complimentary sequence to the codon on the mRNA

20
Q

What is a triplet?

A

Three bases in a DNA molecule coding for a specific amino acid

21
Q

What is a codon?

A

Three. Bases on an mRNA molecule which code for a specific amino acid

22
Q

What is an anti codon?

A

Three. Bases on a tRNA molecule which code for specific amino acid

23
Q

What is pre-mRNA?

A

mRNA containing introns and exons

24
Q

What is splicing?

A

The removal of introns from a pre-are mRNA leaving a molecule of mRNA

25
Q

What is the process of transcription?
(8 points)

A

Enzyme attaches and unlines of DNA double helix
Hydrogen bonds between the two strands are broken, causing the DNA strands to separate.
One strand is used as a template.
Three RNA nucleotides joined to the DNA bases by a complementary base pairing.
(U-A, A-U, C-G, G-C)
RNA polymerase joins three RNA nucleotides together, forming phosphodiester bonds.
This form is pre-mRNA
Introns removed through splicing, leaving a molecule of mRNA.
MRNA passes out of the nucleus and goes to the ribosome.

26
Q

What is the process of translation?
(8 points)

A

mRNA attaches to the ribosome
tRNA carrying specific amino acids bind to the first codon via complementary base pairing with its anticodon
A second tRNA carrying a specific amino acid binds to the second codon on an mRNA.
Enzymes join amino acids together forming peptide bonds using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP
TRNA is removed from the first codon
A third tRNA carrying a specific amino acid binds to the third code on an mRNA
This process repeats until the stop codon his reached
The polypeptide detaches from the ribosome

Unit 4: Genetic Information, Variation & Relationships between Organisms (4 decks)

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