DNA Profiling Lab

Question 1

Three reasons for DNA extraction

Answer 1

Genetic testing, body identification, Analysis of forensic evidence

Question 2

Inside each nucleus is how much DNA?

Answer 2

2 meters

Question 3

What cells are used to extract DNA?

Answer 3

Cheek cells

Question 4

4 steps needed to purify DNA

Answer 4

Collect cheek cells, burst cells open to release DNA, separate DNA from proteins and debris, isolate concentrated DNA

Question 5

‘Lysis’ is a greek word that means to

Answer 5

separate

Question 6

Lysis solution contains what two ingredients

Answer 6

Salts & Detergents

Question 7

When salt is added what happens?

Answer 7

Proteins and debris clump together

Question 8

What allows us to see DNA with the naked eye?

Answer 8

Isopropyl alcohol

Question 9

DNA is stored in the

Answer 9

freezer

Question 10

When salty DNA comes in contact with alcohol it becomes

Answer 10

undissolved

Question 11

When salty DNA becomes undissolved due to coming in contact with alcohol it’s called

Answer 11

precipitation

Question 12

PCR stands for

Answer 12

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 13

PCR is used for everyday things like

Answer 13

Genetic engineering, body identification and medical testing

Question 14

The human genome is made up of

Answer 14

3 billion chemical base pairs

Question 15

What is special about the DNA polymerase used in PCR

Answer 15

Enzymes that copy DNA

Question 16

Machine used to heat and cool tube

Answer 16

Thermal cycler

Question 17

At what temperature does the double helix seperate?

Answer 17

95C

Question 18

At what cycle does the desired part of the amplified DNA show up

Answer 18

Cycle 3

Question 19

Primers in PCR

Answer 19

Short single stranded DNA sequences used in PCR to amplify specific DNA regions for analysis.

Question 20

Enzyme that allows function at high temperatures

Answer 20

Thermus Aquaticus

Question 21

Gel electrophoresis allows for sorting of DNA strands according to

Answer 21

Size

Question 22

What is used to filter in Gel electrophoresis?

Answer 22

Gel

Question 23

What makes the DNA move in Gel electrophoresis?

Answer 23

Electricity

Question 24

What must be done to see DNA groups in Gel electrophoresis?

Answer 24

Fluorescent dye and UV light

Question 25

Agarose is made of

Answer 25

natural polymer of red algae

Question 26

Buffer is helpful for

Answer 26

maintaining a constant pH to avoid damage of DNA or proteins

Question 27

Two reasons for adding loading buffer to DNA sample

Answer 27

Increases sample density & visible tracking dyes

Question 28

Why should you load a standard in Gel electrophoresis?

Answer 28

Accurately determine size of DNA fragments

Question 29

DNA has a ________ charge

Answer 29

negative

Question 30

What chemical is used to stain DNA?

Answer 30

Ethidium bromide

Question 31

Ethidium bromide is dangerous because it can cause

Answer 31

genetic damage

Question 32

Essential lengths of 3 bands

Answer 32

100bp, 300bp, and 500bp

Question 33

DNA fingerprints also go by

Answer 33

DNA profiling & DNA testing

Question 34

__% of DNA is the same in everyone

Answer 34

99.9

Question 35

What temperature does the DNA go through for PCR

Answer 35

95C-> 50C–>72C