DNA PART 2

Question 1

what determines the ‘identity’ or type of cell?

Answer 1

the functions of the cell, the genes the cell express

Question 2

can a single gene code for more than 1 trait?

Answer 2

yes. A gene product (protein or RNA) can have multiple functions and thus affect multiple traits

Question 3

what aspect not meat is the most difficult to mimic in lab grown meat?

Answer 3

texture

Question 4

Human Development begins from a single-celled

Answer 4

zygote

Question 5

An embryo develops from a single cell into multiple cells through the process of

Answer 5

mitosis

Question 6

A partially differentiated cell that can give rise to many cell fates

Answer 6

progenitor

Question 7

the future identity of a cell or its daughter cells

Answer 7

cell fate

Question 8

which of the following is an example of a terminally differentiated cell?

Answer 8

Red blood cell

Question 9

what process is depicted in the image below? Myeloid stem cell, blood stem cell, lymphoid stem cell

Answer 9

Differentiation

Question 10

which of the following statements about gene expression is true?

Answer 10

the genes expressed by a cell will help determine its functions and features

Question 11

According to the diagram below…

single cell— identical daughter cells one has neurons the other epithelial cell

Answer 11

the daughters cell eventually express different genes from one another

Question 12

During embryonic development, how do cells that predicted by a cell’s identity, location, or genetic make up.

Answer 12

depending on the cells location it will be exposed to different mixes and concentrations of signaling molecules and transcription factors.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about differentiation and development are true?

Answer 13

One of the major processes that occur during development is the differentiation of many different cell types

Question 14

specialized adult cells that aren’t genetically reprogrammed to assume a stem cel like state

Answer 14

induced pluripotent stem cells

Question 15

an example of human clones

Answer 15

identical twins

Question 16

a method commonly used in reproductive cloning

Answer 16

somatic cell nuclear transfer

Question 17

what happens when a cell is deprogrammed?

Answer 17

It loses its functional specialization

Question 18

which of the following is a way in which a reproductive cloning has been repeatedly successfully used?

Answer 18

to clone dead or living pets

Question 19

compared to other types of cells, stem cells are often

Answer 19

less specialized

Question 20

which of the following statements about stem cells true?

Answer 20

both plants and animals have naturally-occurring stem cells in adults

Question 21

which one of the following characteristics is specific to stem cells ( and id not seen in progenitor cells)?

Answer 21

the ability to either repopulate or differntiate

Question 22

Dolly the sheep was cloned in the 1990s. She was the first – to be cloned from an adult, somatic cell. Through her genomic DNA sequences were identical to her mother, her— was actually different as it came from the egg of the surrogate mother.

Answer 22

1. mammal

2. mitochondrial DNA

Question 23

what are some of the technical limitations to growing functional human tissues from stem cells?

Answer 23

Tissues have a specific 3-D architecture that is difficult to mimic the way cells are traditionally grown in the lab

Question 24

which of the following processes or technologies rely on reproductive cloning?

Answer 24

cloning a pet horse

Question 25

during the differentiation and maturation process for human blood cells. The 'blood stem cells' can give rise to ----. Myeloblasts and lymphobalstss are types of ----- that give rise to white blood cells.

Answer 25

all of the above | progenitors

Question 26

1. Bone marrow transcripts 2. Therapeutic cloning 3. Drug screening use personalized medicine

Answer 26

1. somatic stem cells 2. embryonic stem cells 3. iPCS

Question 27

1. Somatic cell nuclear transfer 2. iPSCs 3. The product of reproductive cloning

Answer 27

1. D 2. A 3. E

Question 28

1. Blood stem cells in bone marrow 2. can be created from many cells types in an adult organisms 3. can become any cell types in an organism

Answer 28

1. somatic stem cells 2. iPSCs 3. Totipotent stem cells

Question 29

which of the following statement about differentiation and development are true?

Answer 29

- one of the major processes that occurs during development is the differentiation of many different cell types - every time a cell differentiates, it takes on newer different functions

Question 30

compared to progenitors cells, stem cells are often

Answer 30

less specialized

Question 31

which of the following statements about stem cells true?

Answer 31

Both plants and animals have naturally-accruing stem cells in adults, Unlike cells from donors, iPSCs allow proteins to potentially receive therapies that use their own cells