DNA, Genes and Protein Synthesis Flashcards
Define genetics
The study of inheritance and gene expression
Define a gene
A section of DNA that has information for making polypeptides and functional RNA (including mRNA and tRNA)
What is DNA?
The primary genetic material found in chromosomes/chromatin controlling the structure of proteins
What is a chromosome?
A long molecule of coiled DNA present at the time of cell division containing thousands of genes
What is a chromatin?
The DNA in this form (uncondensed) when the cell is not dividing
Define locus
The position/location of a gene along a chromosome
What is an allele
A form of a gene which occur in pairs, one in each homologous chromosome. If both alleles are the same the individual is homozygous, if the alleles are different the individual is heterozygous
What is a nucleotide?
A basic unit making up nucleic acids consisting of a pentose sugar, and organic base and a phosphate group
Define diploid
Two of each type of chromosome are present in homologous pairs in the cell
Define haploid
The cell contains one of each type of chromosome
Define phenotype
The outward expression (observable features) of a gene. The genotype and environment interact
Define genetype
The genetic make-up of an individual
What is the genetic code?
The codes contained in DNA required for protein synthesis
What is the importance of the double helix structure in DNA?
- To protect the weak hydrogen bonds in the centre of the bases holding the structure together
What is the function of the protein in DNA?
Fixes the DNA into position
