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Topic 4A : DNA , RNA and Protein Synthesis > DNA , Genes and Chromosomes > Flashcards

DNA , Genes and Chromosomes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Structure of DNA in eukaryotic cells

A
  • Contain linear DNA molecules that exist as chromosome
  • Chromosomes are found in the nucleus
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2
Q

Properties of Eukaryotic DNA

A
  • Really long - has to be wound up to fit in the nucleus
  • Wound around proteins called histones - help support DNA
  • Coiled up really tightly to make a compact chromosome
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3
Q

What are examples of eukaryotic cells?

A
  • Animal
  • Plant
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4
Q

Why is mitochondria and chloroplasts own DNA similar to prokaryotic DNA?

A
  • Circular and shorter than DNA molecules in the nucleus
  • It is not associated with histone proteins
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5
Q

What do prokaryotic’s DNA carry as?

A

Chromosomes

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6
Q

Properties with prokaryotic DNA

A
  • DNA molecules are shorter and circular
  • DNA isn’t wound around histones - condense to fit in cell by supercoiling
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7
Q

What is a gene?

A

Sequence of DNA bases that code for either a polypeptide or functional RNA

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8
Q

What does sequence of amino acid in polypeptide form?

A

A primary structure

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9
Q

What do different polypeptides have?

A

Different number and order of amino acids

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10
Q

What does the order of base in gene determine?

A

The order of amino acids in a particular polypeptide

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11
Q

What is a triplet?

A

Each amino acid is coded for by a sequence of three bases in a gene

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12
Q

How to make a polypeptide?

A

DNA is first copied into messenger RNA (mRNA)

first stage of protein synthesis

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13
Q

What happens to genes that do not code for a polypeptide?

A

Code for functional RNA

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14
Q

What is functional RNA?

A

RNA molecule other than mRNA

performs special tasks during protein synthesis e.g tRNA and rRNA -form part of the ribosomes

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15
Q

What is a cell’s GENOME?

A

Complete set of genes in the cell

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16
Q

What is a cell’s PROTEOME?

A

Full range of proteins that the cell is able to produce

17
Q

What are introns?

A

In eukaryotic DNA , genes that do code for polypeptide contain sections that don’t code for amino acids

18
Q

What are extrons?

A

Genes that do code for amino acids

19
Q

What are removed during protein synthesis?

A

Introns - don’t effect the amino acid order

20
Q

What does prokaryotic DNA not have?

A

Introns

21
Q

What are non-coding repeats/

A

DNA sequence that repeats over

Areas don’t code for amino acids

22
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different forms of the same gene - code slightly different verisons of same polypeptide

23
Q

Where can alleles coding for the same characteristics will be found at what?

A

Fixed position (locus) on each chromosome in a homologous pair

Topic 4A : DNA , RNA and Protein Synthesis (3 decks)

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