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Genes and diversity > DNA, genes and chromosomes > Flashcards

DNA, genes and chromosomes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the proteins that DNA is wrapped around?

A

Histones

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2
Q

What is the function of histones?

A

To help support DNA

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3
Q

Does prokaryotic DNA have histones?

A

No

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4
Q

What is a genome?

A

The complete set of genes in a cell or organism.

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5
Q

What is a proteome?

A

The full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce.

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6
Q

What kind of DNA do eukaryotic cells have?

A

Long and linear

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7
Q

What kind of DNA do prokaryotic cell have?

A

Short and circular

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8
Q

How does the DNA fit into a prokaryotic cell?

A

By supercoiling.

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9
Q

How does the DNA fit into a eukaryotic cell?

A

Coiling very tightly to make compact chromosomes.

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10
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of DNA bases that code for the amino acid sequence of polypeptides and functional RNA.

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11
Q

What is the primary structure of a protein?

A

A sequence of amino acids.

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12
Q

What is functional RNA?

A

RNA molecules other than mRNA, which perform special tasks during protein synthesis. eg: tRNA, rRNA.

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13
Q

What are introns?

A

Sections of DNA that don’t code for amino acids.

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14
Q

What are exons?

A

Sections of DNA that do code for amino acids.

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15
Q

What is it called when DNA molecules combine with histone proteins?

A

A DNA-histone complex

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16
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

A pair of nearly identical chromosomes, one maternal & one paternal.

17
Q

Why are homologous chromosomes not identical?

A

Because they carry the same genes but not necessarily the same alleles of those genes.

18
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different variations of a gene.

19
Q

What is always the first triplet in the mRNA sequence?

A

AUG

20
Q

What does AUG code for?

A

Methionine

21
Q

What are stop sequences?

A

Triplets that don’t code for amino acids and mark the end of a polypeptide chain.

Genes and diversity (12 decks)

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