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Biology Topic 4 - DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis > DNA, Genes and Chromosomes > Flashcards

DNA, Genes and Chromosomes Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA is wound around proteins called what?

A

Histone proteins

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2
Q

What do histone proteins do?

A

Support the DNA

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3
Q

What organelles in eukaryotic cells have their own DNA?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts - it is circular and shorter than DNA in the nucleus and not associated with histone proteins

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4
Q

How is prokaryotic DNA different to eukaryotic DNA?

A

It carries DNA as chromosomes but it is shorter and circular. It is not associated with histone proteins and condenses to fit into the cell by supercoiling

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5
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A thread-like structure made up of one long DNA molecule

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6
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of DNA bases that codes for either a polypeptide or functional RNA

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7
Q

What does the order of bases in a gene determine?

A

The order of amino acids in a polypeptide

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8
Q

What is an amino acid coded for by?

A

A sequence of three bases in a gene called a triplet

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9
Q

What is functional RNA?

A

RNA molecules other than mRNA, which preform special tasks during protein synthesis

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10
Q

What is a cells genome?

A

The complete set of genes in the cell

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11
Q

What is a cells proteome?

A

The full range of proteins the cell is able to produce

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12
Q

What are introns?

A

Sections of genes that don’t code for amino acids

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13
Q

What are exons?

A

Sections of genes that do code for amino acids

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14
Q

What happens to intros during protein synthesis?

A

Introns are removed during protein synthesis - their purpose isn’t known

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15
Q

What are non-coding repeats?

A

Regions of multiple repeats outside of genes. They are DNA sequences that repeat over and over. They don’t code for amino acids

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16
Q

What is an allele?

A

A gene that exists in more than one form - the order of bases in each allele is slightly different, so they code for slightly different versions of the same polypeptide

17
Q

What are pairs of matching chromosomes called?

A

Homologous pairs

18
Q

What are the features of a homologous pair of chromosomes?

A

They are the same size and have the same genes, but they could have different alleles. Alleles coding for the same characteristic will be found at the same locus on each chromosome

Biology Topic 4 - DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis (11 decks)

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