DNA FINGERPRINTING

Question 1

Conditions for DNA polymorphism:

Answer 1

• At least 2 variants
• Each variant is found in ≥1% of the
  populatio

Question 2

Multiple forms or changes in your DNA

Answer 2

DNA POLYMORPHISMS

Question 3

under DNA POLYMORPHISMS, How do they happen?

Answer 3

● Occur due to mutations that occur in germ cells
● More common in non-coding regions

Question 4

repetition of sequences several tens, hundreds, or thousands of times

Answer 4

TANDEM REPEATS

Question 5

what is (VNTR)

Answer 5

Variable Number Tandem Repeats

Question 6

Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR) also called

Answer 6

“Minisatellite DNA”

Question 7

Short Tandem Repeats (STR) also called

Answer 7

“Microsatellite DNA”

Question 8

Unit size = 1-7 bp
VNTR or STR

Answer 8

STR

Question 9

Repeats = 10-1,500
VNTR or STR

Answer 9

VNTR

Question 10

*clustered near the telomeres
VNTR or STR

Answer 10

VNTR

Question 11

DNA FINGERPRINTING
● Also called

Answer 11

DNA typing/profiling

Question 12

99% of DNA sequences in the human genome are not identical
T OR F

Answer 12

F

Question 13

DNA TESTING WHAT YEAR
Variations in serum proteins and RBC enzymes and the HLA system

Answer 13

1950s

Question 14

DNA TESTING WHAT YEAR
Sir Alec Jeffreys from the Leicester
University (UK) pioneered DNA-based identity testing

Answer 14

1980s

Question 15

DNA TESTING WHAT YEAR
Use of ABO blood group system for
identity testing, Not very extensive

Answer 15

1900s

Question 16

DNA TESTING WHAT YEAR
Published first article on DNA
fingerprinting and saw its use in forensic science and paternity identification

Answer 16

1985

Question 17

Method to be used depends on the nature of the sample and availability of reagents

Answer 17

DNA EXTRACTION

Question 18

DNA EXTRACTION
Method to be used depends on the nature of the sample and availability of reagents
● Organic, Inorganic, or Solid-phase
○ Organic Phase reagent: _____

Answer 18

phenol-chloroform

Question 19

Makes use of STRs (Short Tandem Repeat) that vary in length in different people

Answer 19

PCR AMPLIFICATION

Question 20

PCR AMPLIFICATION
Length varies but the sequences flanking the ___ and ___ ends of the STR (Short Tandem Repeat), remain the same in all individuals

Answer 20

5’ and 3’

Question 21

RESOLUTION OF FRAGMENTS
First method involved visualization using the _____________

Answer 21

carcinogenic EtBr stain

Question 22

• carcinogenic EtBr stain
  _____ is applied to the membrane to detect specific loci

Answer 22

Probe

Question 23

first DNA fingerprinting method that was legally used in the court

Answer 23

PATERNITY TESTING

Question 24

It is also one of the early uses of DNA fingerprinting as they found old bones in the Leicestershire, England which they believed to be from the late king.

Answer 24

GENEALOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY

Question 25

In the USA, they have the ___________, which allowed the crime labs in the entire country to share information about the DNA profiles of people.

Answer 25

DNA Identification Act of 1994