Dna Fingerprint Flashcards
In DNA polymorphism, how many nucleotide/s differ in a genome sequences for every 1,000 to 1,500 bases?
1 nucleotide
Polymorphisms can be detected by?
Observing changes in the restriction map of a DNA region
What are the types of polymorphism?
RFLP, VNTR, STR, SNP
Alterations of a single nucleotide that can be detected through direct sequencing
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
Repeats of 1-10 base sequences in tandem that can be detected through PCR
Short Tandem Repeats
Repeats 10-50 base sequences in tandem that can be detected through southern blot and PCR
Variable Number Tandem Repeats
One or more nucleotide changes that affect the size of restriction enzyme products that can be detected through Southern blot
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
A highly polymorphic region of DNA that codes for peptides that establish self-identity of the immune system
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)
Human Genome Project revealed that human nucleotide sequence differs every _____ bases from one individual to another
1,000 - 1,500
Each individual has how many SNPs?
11 million
What is required to confirm that the population frequency of SNPs meets the requirements of a polymorphism?
Computer analysis
True or False:
SNP is responsible for the formation of Hemoglobin S in sickle cell anemia
TRUE
Repetition of sequences several tens, hundreds, or thousand of times
Tandem Repeats
Intronless, Nonfunctional copies of active genes throughout the human Genome
Pseudogenes
True of False:
Tandem Repeats may be responsible for the formation of pseudogenes
TRUE
“Minisatellite DNA” and clustered near the telomeres
VNTR
“Microsatellite DNA” and no specific area of clustering
Short Tandem Repeats
Identifies patterns of genetic material that are unique to an individual
DNA Fingerprinting
During the 1900s, what is used for identity testing?
ABO blood group system
Who pioneered DNA-based identity testing?
Sir Alec Jeffreys
Procedures for DNA Fingerprinting
DNA extraction
Re-digestion
Pcr amplification
Resolution of fragments
Southern blotting
Problem with Re-digestion step
Only Fresh DNA
Useless dna samples from old crime scenes
Dna degrades over time
Applications of DNA Fingerprinting:
Paternity testing
Forensics
Genealogy and Archaeology
Organ Transplant
Dna database
