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2.3 Nucleic Acids > DNA - Deoxyribosenucleic Acid > Flashcards

DNA - Deoxyribosenucleic Acid Flashcards

1
Q

What are the full names of A T C G?

A

Adenosine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

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2
Q

What is the monomer of the polymer DNA?

A

Nucleotides

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3
Q

Which carbon atoms do phosphate groups link to?

A

Carbon atoms 3 or 5

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4
Q

What attaches to the carbon atom 1?

A

Nitrogenous base

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5
Q

The two strands of DNA run opposite to each other what is this called?

A

They run antiparallel

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6
Q

How many phosphate groups are in ATP?

A

Three

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7
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are there between adenosine and thymine?

A

Two

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8
Q

Which two nucleotides have one ring?

A

Thymine

Cytosine

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9
Q

What is the name of the protein that DNA is tightly wound around?

A

Histone

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10
Q

What are phosphorylated nucleotides?

A

When they contain more than one phosphate group e.g. ATP, ADP.

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11
Q

What is a polynucleotide?

A

A polymer containing many nucleotides.

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12
Q

Nucleotides are components of coenzymes such as…

A

NADP, NAD, Coenzyme A and FAD

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13
Q

What does DNA carry?

A

The hereditary material and carries coded instructions responsible for development and function of all living organisms.

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14
Q

What does each nucleotide consist of?

A

A phosphate group
A five carbon sugar called deoxyribose
One of the four nitrogenous bases.

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15
Q

What is the covalent bond between the sugar residue and the phosphate group called?

A

A phosphodiester bond.

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16
Q

How many rings do purines and pyramadines have?

A

Two and three respectively.

17
Q

When adenine pairs with thymine how many hydrogen bonds are there between them?

A

Two

18
Q

When guanine pairs with cytosine how many Hydrogen bonds are there?

A

Three

19
Q

True or false. Purines always pair with each other.

A

False. Pyramadines and purines always pair with each other to give equal sized rungs on the DNA ladder.

20
Q

What dot he hydrogen bonds allow?

A

The molecules to unzip during transcription and translation/replication.

21
Q

How is DNA organised in eukaryotic cells?

A

Majority of the DNA content is in the nucleus.
Each strand of DNA is wound round histone proteins.
There is a loop of DNA inside the mitochondria which is not wound around a histone protein.

22
Q

how is DNA organised in prokaryotic cells?

A

DNA is in a loop in the cytoplasm, not enclosed in a nucleus.
Not wound around a histone protein and is described as being naked.

2.3 Nucleic Acids (3 decks)

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