DNA:CODE OF LIFE Flashcards
Amino acid
The monomer of a protein molecule
Anticodon
The three adjacent nitrogenous bases found on tRNA molecule that will determine which amino acid will be brought to the ribosome
Base triplet
The three adjacent nitrogenous bases found on a DNA strand
Centromere
The structure that holds the two chromatids together to form a chromosome
Chromatid
The individual threads that form a chromosome
Chromatin
Tangled network of chromosomes located within the nucleas before division
Codon
Three adjacent nitrogenous bases found on the mRNA that code for a specific amino acid
DNA profile
Barcode pattern formed by the base sequence of prepared, processed DNA.
DNA profiling
The process where a specific DNA pattern, called a DNA profile, is obtained from a person or sample of bodily tissue
DNA replication
The formation of an exact copy of the DNA in a cell
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) consists of genes that that characterise for all the traits
Double helix
DNA is made up of two strands that are twisted together (the natural shape of DNA)
Gene
Segment of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific characteristic
Genome
It is a full set of genes /all the genes found in a particular organism
Hydrogen bond
A weak bond which links nitrogenous base pairs in the DNA molecule
Interphase
Phase of the cell cycle during which DNA replication occurs
Messenger RNA(mRNA)
A type of RNA involved in protein synthesis.DNA is transcribed into mRNA
Mitochondrial DNA
The type of DNA found only in the mitochondria
Monomere
A single unit that makes up a large molecule
Mutation
A sudden and relatively permanent gene /chromosonal change
Chromosomal mutation
Changes in the chromosome number or structure of the chromosomes
Gene Mutation
Is a change in the sequence of a nitrogenous base /nucleotides in DNA/monomers
Nitrogenous Bases
The(adenine and guanine) and (thymine, cytosine and uracil) that construct DNA and RNA molecules
Nucleolus
Structure in the nucleas responsible for forming ribosomal RNA
Nucleoplasm
That part of the protoplasm within the nucleas
Nucleotide
A monomer of DNA and RNA, consisting of a nitrogenous base, a deoxyribose /ribose sugar, and a phosphate group
Pepetide bond
A bond between two adjacent amino acids
Ribosome
An organelle where protein synthesis takes place
RNA(ribonucleic acid)
A nucleic acid that occurs as a single strand which contains uracil
Synthesis
Is an anabolic process where monomers are combined into macro molecules
Transcription
The synthesis of mRNA from DNA template
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
An RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosomes to form a protein
Translation
The process of converting the information carried by mRNA to the correct sequence of amino acids at the ribosome
