DNA and RNA Past Mock Questions Flashcards
Distinguish between DNA profiling and genetic screening
DNA profile
DNA profiling is a method of making a unique pattern of bands from the DNA of a person, which can then be used to compare with the DNA profile of another person
Distinguish between DNA profiling and genetic screening
Genetic screening
Genetic screening means testing DNA for the presence of absence of a particular gene or an altered gene
During your investigation to isolate DNA from a plant cell, describe how you broke down the cell wall
The union was also chopped into small cubes and blended for three seconds to break down the cell walls and release DNA
During your investigation to isolate DNA from a plant cell, describe how you broke down the cell membrane
Washing up liquid was used as it dissolved the cell and nuclear membranes to release the DNA
During your investigation to isolate DNA from a plant cell, describe how you precipitate the DNA
Freezer-cold/ice cold ethanol was added
What does need to be done to a plant cell but not a blood cell when trying to extract DNA?
The sample doesn’t need to be blended as there is no cell wall
On what basis are DNA fragments separated by during gel electrophoresis
They are separated based on size
Why are DNA fragments stained after electrophoresis?
To make them more visible and easier to see
To which group of bases does Guanine belong to?
Purines
Name the type of bonding that exists between strands of the DNA double helix
Hydrogen bonds
What causes the double helix of DNA to unwind?
Enzymes
Explain the function of the enzyme RNA polymerase
Causes a sequence of RNA bases to join together to form messenger RNA i.e. it joins nucleotides together to form mRNA
In which part of the cell does transcription occur?
Nucleus
In which part of the cell does translation occur?
Cytoplasm
Why is it necessary for a protein to fold?
A protein only becomes functional once its folded into its correct shape
What group of biomolecules provide the nitrogen needed to make the nitrogenous bases contained in DNA?
Protein
Name one of the purine bases found in DNA
Adenine or guanine
In the DNA molecule what base does adenine bond to?
Thymine
In the DNA molecule what base does guanine bond to?
Cytosine
Explain the importance of complementary base bonding in DNA
The bonding between complementary base pairs hold two strands of DNA in a double helix shape
In RNA what does R stand for?
Ribose
Name the type of RNA molecule made during the process of transcription?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
In which structure of the cell does transcription occur?
Nucleus
Describe the relationship between messenger RNA (mRNA) and the DNA molecule
(2)
The mRNA molecule has complementary bases to those on the DNA strand from which it was transcribed
Thymine is replaced with uracil on the mRNA molecule