DNA and RNA Flashcards
What is DNA?
- DNA is used to store genetic information which are the instructions for growth from baby to adult
- polymer of nucleotides
What is RNA?
- transfers genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes
- polymer of nucleotides
What is a nucleotide?
- a type of biological molecule
- they are the monomers that make up DNA and RNA
Which sugars are in DNA?
- the pentode sugar in a DNA nucleotide is called deoxyribose
- each nucleotide has the same sugar and phosphate group with a varying base
Which sugars are in RNA?
- RNA contains nucleotides with ribose Sugar
- an RNA nucleotide has a phosphate group a varying base
What are polynucleotides?
-a polynucleotide is a polymer of nucleotides
-DNA and RNA nucleotides form polynucleotides
-
How is DNA made?
- two anti-parallel polynucleotide strands twist to form a double helix through hydrogen bonding
- there is always and equal amount of the same base pairing in DNA e.g. C&G
How is RNA made?
RNA is made from a single polynucleotide chain and is much shorter than most DNA pilynucleotides
Ribosomes and RNA
Ribosomes are the body’s protein factories, they read the RNA to make polypeptides in a process called translation
What makes up a nucleotide?
- pentode sugar
- nitrogen containing organic base
- phosphate group
How many carbon atoms are in a pentode sugar?
5
What are the bases of DNA?
- adenine and thymine
- cytosine and guanine
What are the bases of RNA?
- adenine and uracil
- cytosine and guanine
How many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine?
2
How many hydrogen bonds form between cytosine and guanine?
3
