DNA and RNA

Question 1

what are the two types of nucleic acids

Answer 1

DNA and RNA

Question 2

What are the monomers of dna called

Answer 2

nucleotides

Question 3

what does each nucloetide of dna consist of

Answer 3

a nitrogenous base
deoxyribose sugar
a phosphate

Question 4

where is DNA found and what is each dna called

Answer 4

nucleus- nuclear dna
chloroplast- chlorpoplastic dna
mitochondria- mitochondrial dna(mtDNA)

Question 5

what is the structure of dna

Answer 5

double stranded
consisting of 2 nucleotides joined together by a week hydrogen bond
double helix shape

Question 6

what are the two groups of nitrogenous bases and what do they consist of

Answer 6

purines- adenine and guanine
pyrimidines- cytosine and thymine

Question 7

what are the pairs of nitrogenous bases

Answer 7

cytosine and guanine
adenine and thymine

Question 8

the structure of dna is based off the model put together by who and when

Answer 8

watson and crick in 1953

Question 9

why can dna be drown as a straight line

Answer 9

the sugar-phosphate backbone is consistent

Question 10

what are the functions of dna

Answer 10

dna codes for the formation of different proteins required in the body
dna is responsible for transmitting hereditary characteristics from parent to offspring

Question 11

what are the three types of rna and where are they found

Answer 11

-ribosomal rna (rRNA) found in ribosomes in cytoplasm
-messenger RNA (mRNA) found in nucleus but moves out of nucleus and attaches to ribosome in cytoplasm
-transfer RNA (tRNA) found in cytoplasm

Question 12

what is the structure of rna

Answer 12

single stranded
sugar is ribose
thymine not uracil
bases are not paired

Question 13

what is the function of rna

Answer 13

protein synthesis

Question 14

what are the similarities between dna and rna

Answer 14

•both contain sugar alternating with phosphate
•both contain nitrogenous bases(adenine, guanine, cytosine)
•both play a role in protein synthesis
•both are composed of nucleotides

Question 15

what are the differences between dna and rna

Answer 15

dna-found in nucleus, chloroplast and mitochondria
rna-found in nucleus and cytoplasm

dna-double stranded molecule
rna-single stranded molecule

dna-contains sugar deoxyribose
rna-contains sugar ribose

dna-contains nitrogenous base thymine
rna-contains nitrogenous base uracil

dna- very large
rna- small

Question 16

what is dna replication

Answer 16

the process by which dna makes an identical copy of itself

Question 17

when does dna replication occur

Answer 17

just before cell division (mitosis and meiosis) during interphase

Question 18

how does dna replication occur

Answer 18

1- dna double helix unwinds
2- weak hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases break
3- two dna strands unzip
4- each dna strand acts as a template to form a new strand by attaching to free nucleotides in the nucleoplasm
5-this forms complementary strands
6- resulting in two genetically identical dna molecules

Question 19

what is dna profiling used for

Answer 19

establishing a persons parents
tracing siblings
identifying people who have died by bodies which cannot be recognized

Question 20

what happens in the first stage of protein synthesis

Answer 20

transcription- formation of messenger rna (mRNA)
-dna double helix unwinds
- weak hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases break
- forming two single strands of dna
one strand acts as a template
-to form complementary strand (mRNA)
using free rna nucleotides in cytoplasm
-three adjacent bases or mRNA make up a codon
-which codes for amino acids

Question 21

what makes a codon and what do they code for

Answer 21

-three adjacent bases or mRNA make up a codon
-which codes for amino acids

Question 22

what happens in the middle stage of protein synthesis

Answer 22

movement
-mRna moves out of nucleus through nucleopore into cytoplasm
- there it attaches to ribosome

Question 23

what happens in the final stage of protein synthesis

Answer 23

translation - using info from mRNA to forma protein
-accoring to the codons of mRNA
-tRNA molecules with complementary anticodons bring required amino acid to ribosome
-amino acids link with peptide bonds
- this forms required proteins