DNA and RNA

Question 1

what are DNA and RNA both types of ?

Answer 1

nucleic acid

Question 2

where are DNA and RNA both found ?

Answer 2

both found in living cells

Question 3

what do both RNA and DNA carry ?

Answer 3

information

Question 4

what is the function of RNA ?

Answer 4

to transfer genetic info from DNA to ribosomes

Question 5

what are ribosomes made up of ?

Answer 5

RNA and proteins

Question 6

what is the function of ribosomes ?

Answer 6

read the RNA to make
polypeptides (proteins) in a process called translation

Question 7

what is the structure of RNA?

Answer 7

similar to DNA(double helix)

Question 8

what is the structure of DNA ?

Answer 8

double helix

Question 9

what is the functions of DNA?

Answer 9

store genetic information

Question 10

what does DNA stand for ?

Answer 10

deoxyribnucleic acid

Question 11

what does RNA stand for ?

Answer 11

ribonucleic acid

Question 12

what are DNA and RNA to nucleotides ?

Answer 12

the molecules of RNA and DNA are polymers of nucleotide.there nucleotide are the monomers that make up RNA and DNA

Question 13

what is a nucleotide ?

Answer 13

is a type of biological molecule which is made from three different components:
a pentose sugar (that’s a sugar with 5 carbon atoms), a nitrogen-containing
organic base (organic means that it contains carbon), and a phosphate group

Question 14

many nucleotide join together to form what ?

Answer 14

polynucleotide strands

Question 15

how do the nucleotide join to form polynucleotide strands ?

Answer 15

a condensation reaction between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of
another.This forms a phosphodiester bond (consisting of the phosphate group and two ester bonds).

Question 16

The chain of phosphates and sugars is known as the ….

Answer 16

sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 17

what are the strands in DNA made of?

Answer 17

The strands are polynucleotides. They’re made up of lots of nucleotides joined together
in a long chain.

Question 18

how is a DNA molecule fit for it’s function ?

Answer 18

DNA molecules are really long and are coiled up very tightly, so a lot of genetic information can fit into a small space in the cell nucleus.

Question 19

what is the structure of a DNA nucleotide ?

Answer 19

made from a phosphate group, the pentose sugar deoxyribose and a nitrogen-containing organic base. Each DNA nucleotide has the same sugar and phosphate. The base on each nucleotide can vary though. There are four possible bases

Question 20

what are the four possible bases in a DNA nucleotide ?

Answer 20

adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G)

Question 21

how do two DNA polynucleotide strands join together ?

Answer 21

by hydrogen bonds between
the bases.

Question 22

explain complementary base pairing in DNA polynucleotide strands ?

Answer 22

Each base can only join with one particular partner. Adenine always pairs with thymine (A - T) and guanine always pairs with cytosine (G - C)

Question 23

explain the bonding in complementary base pairing in DNA polynucleotide strands ?

Answer 23

Two hydrogen bonds form between A and T, and three hydrogen bonds form between C and G.

Question 24

how do you tell what direction a strand is running?

Answer 24

The two ends of a polynucleotide strand are different — one end has a phosphate group and the other has a hydroxyl (OH) group
attached to the sugar.

Question 25

what from of direction does two DNA polynucleotide strands run to form a DNA double helix ?

Answer 25

antiparallel

Question 26

describe the structure of RNA?

Answer 26

nucleotides that contain a sugar, a phosphate group and one of four different bases. The nucleotides also form a polynucleotide strand with a sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 27

how does the structure of RNA differ from DNA ?

Answer 27

The sugar in RNA nucleotides is a ribose sugar (not deoxyribose).
It’s still a pentose sugar though.
ƒ Uracil (U, a pyrimidine) replaces thymine as a base.
Uracil always pairs with adenine in RNA.
ƒ The nucleotides form a single polynucleotide strand (not a double one).
ƒ RNA strands are much shorter than most DNA polynucleotides.

Question 28

how do DNA and RNA differ ,give the shape ,pentose sugar ,Base and Size ?

Answer 28

DNA RNA
Shape: Double-stranded —twisted into a double helix
and held together by hydrogen bonds /Single-stranded
Pentose sugar : Deoxyribose sugar /Ribose sugar
Bases :A, T, C, G/ A, U, C, G
Size : long Relatively /short

Question 29

when was DNA first observed ?

Answer 29

1880’s

Question 30

what was the issue a lot of scientists had when DNA was first observed ?

Answer 30

lots of scientists at the time doubted that it could carry the genetic code because it has a relatively simple chemical
composition. Some argued that genetic information must be carried by proteins — which are much more chemically varied.

Question 31

what happened in 1953?

Answer 31

, experiments had shown that DNA was the carrier of the
genetic code.This was also the year in which the double helix structure, which helps DNA to carry out its function, was determined by scientists
James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 33

What is a phosphodiester bond ?

Answer 33

Strong and covalent