Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology- Mrs Bell > DNA and RNA > Flashcards

DNA and RNA Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does DNA do?

A

Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of a protein, which in turn determine the final structure and function of a protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What monomer makes up DNA?

A

A nucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a DNA molecule made up of?

A
  • Deoxyribose (pentose sugar)
  • A nitrogenous base
  • Phosphate group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the polymer of a nucleotide called?

A

Polynucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is a polynucleotide made?

A

It is created via a condensation reaction between the deoxyribose sugar and the phosphate group, creating a phosphodiester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is the double helix held together?

A

Hydrogen bonds between the base pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is RNA?

A

It is a polymer of a nucleotide formed of ribose, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Features of DNA?

A
  • In the nucleus
  • Large
  • Deoxyribose
  • C,G,A,T
  • Double helix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Features of RNA?

A
  • Small
  • Ribose
  • Nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome
  • C,G,A,U
  • Single stranded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of RNA?

A

The function of RNA is to transfer the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes. Some RNA is also combined with proteins to create ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

Before cells divide all the DNA must replicate to provide a copy for the new cell
The process of DNA replication is semi- conservative replication (in the parental DNA and one strand is newly synthesised)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is semi- conservative replication?

A
  • DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs between the 2 strands within a double helix, this causes the double helix to unwind.
  • Each of the separated strands of DNA act as a template. Free floating DNA nucleotides within the nucleus are attracted to their complementary base pairs on the template strands of the parental DNA.
  • The adjacent nucleotides are joined together (to form a phosphodiester bond) by a condensation reaction. DNA polymerase catalyses the joining together of adjacent nucleotides.
  • The 2 sets of daughter DNA contains one strand of the parental DNA and one newly synthesised strand.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who discovered the structure of DNA?

A

Watson and Crick in 1953 with the help of Rosalind Franklin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who conducted the experiment which proved DNA replication must be semi- conservative?

A

Meselson and Stahl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is ATP?

A

It is an immediate source of energy for biological processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is ATP made?

A

ATP is made during respiration from ADP + Pi using enzyme ATP hydrolase. This releases a small amount of energy.

17
Q

What is released during the hydrolysis of ATP?

A

An inorganic ion

18
Q

What bond forms between water molecules?

A

Hydrogen bonds

19
Q

The 5 key properties of water

A
  • It is a metabolite (in condensation and hydrolysis reactions)
  • An important solvent in reactions
  • Has a high heat capacity, it buffers temperatures
  • Has a large latent heat capacity of vaporisation, providing a cooling effect with loss of water through evaporation
  • Has strong cohesion between water molecules, this supports water columns and provides surface tension
20
Q

What does solvent mean?

A

It means to dissolve

21
Q

What is latent heat?

A

How much heat to change a liquid to a gas. It cools the body down (sweating)

22
Q

What is high specific heat?

A

Energy required to raise temperature by 1 degree C

23
Q

What does cohesion mean?

A

Molecules stick together

24
Q

What are inorganic ions?

A

Inorganic ions occur in solution in the cytoplasm and body fluids of organisms

25
Q

Different types of inorganic ions

A

Hydrogen bonds- lower the pH of solutions and impact enzyme function and haemoglobin function
Iron ions- A component of haemoglobin in the transport of oxygen
Sodium ions- Involved in the co- transport of glucose and amino acids in absorption
Phosphate ion- A component of DNA (forms phosphodiester bonds with deoxyribose) and ATP (makes it more reactive)

Biology- Mrs Bell (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions