DNA and Proteinsynthesis Flashcards
1
Q
what is a genome?
A
complete set of genes in a cell
2
Q
what is a proteome?
A
full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce
3
Q
what is transcription?
A
production of mRNA from DNA
4
Q
what is the role of RNA polymerase?
A
joining mRNA nucleotides
5
Q
what does transcription in prokaryotes result in??s
A
results in directly the production of mRNA from DNA
6
Q
what does transcription in eukaryotes result in?
A
results in the production of pre-mRNA and this is spliced to form mRNA
7
Q
what is translation?
A
production of polypeptides from the sequence of codons carried by mRNA
8
Q
what is mRNA?
A
- made during transcription
- carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes, where it is used to make a protein during translation
9
Q
what is the structure of mRNA?
A
- single polynucleotide strand
- groups of 3 adjacent bases = codons
10
Q
what is tRNA?
A
- involved in translation
- carries amino acids that are used to make proteins to the ribosomes
11
Q
what is the structure of tRNA?
A
- single polynucleotide chain
- clover shape
- hydrogen bonds between specific base pairs give clover shape
- have sequence of 3 bases at the end = anticodon
- amino acid binding site on other end
