dna and protein synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the genome

A

complete set of genetic information contained in the cells of an organism

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2
Q

what is the proteome

A

complete set of proteins that can be produced by a cell

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3
Q

describe the structure of mRNA

A

a long, single strand
base sequence is complementary to the DNA it was transcribed from

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4
Q

suggest advantages of using mRNA rather than DNA for translation

A
  • shorter and contains uracil = breaks down quickly so no excess polypeptide forms
  • single stranded and linear = ribosome moves along strand and tRNA binds to exposed bases
  • contains no introns
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5
Q

describe the structure of tRNA

A
  • single strand of around 80 nucleotides that is folded over into a clover leaf shape
  • on one end is an anti-codon
  • on the opposite end is an amino acid binding site
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6
Q

what is produced by transcription

A

mRNA

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7
Q

where does transcription take place

A

in the nucleus

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8
Q

outline the process of transcription

A
  • DNA uncoils into two strands with exposed bases, one is used as a template
  • free nucleotides line up next to their complementary bases, and are joined together by RNA polymerase
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9
Q

what happens to mRNA after transcription

A

in eukaryotic cells, pre-mRNA must be spliced to remove introns, leaving only the coding regions. then it moves out of the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome

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10
Q

what is produced by translation

A

proteins

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11
Q

where does translation take place

A

in the cytoplasm (on ribosomes)

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