dna and protein synthesis Flashcards
what is the genome
complete set of genetic information contained in the cells of an organism
what is the proteome
complete set of proteins that can be produced by a cell
describe the structure of mRNA
a long, single strand
base sequence is complementary to the DNA it was transcribed from
suggest advantages of using mRNA rather than DNA for translation
- shorter and contains uracil = breaks down quickly so no excess polypeptide forms
- single stranded and linear = ribosome moves along strand and tRNA binds to exposed bases
- contains no introns
describe the structure of tRNA
- single strand of around 80 nucleotides that is folded over into a clover leaf shape
- on one end is an anti-codon
- on the opposite end is an amino acid binding site
what is produced by transcription
mRNA
where does transcription take place
in the nucleus
outline the process of transcription
- DNA uncoils into two strands with exposed bases, one is used as a template
- free nucleotides line up next to their complementary bases, and are joined together by RNA polymerase
what happens to mRNA after transcription
in eukaryotic cells, pre-mRNA must be spliced to remove introns, leaving only the coding regions. then it moves out of the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome
what is produced by translation
proteins
where does translation take place
in the cytoplasm (on ribosomes)
