DNA and Genetics Flashcards
DNA
An orgasms genetic material.
Replication
The process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule
Nucleotide
A molecule made up of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
Polygenic inheritance
Occurs when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait.
Punnett square
A model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.
Codominance
Occurs when both alleles can be observed in the offspring’s phenotype.
Heterozygous
Having two alleles of a gene that are different.
Phenotype
How a trait appears or is expressed.
Genotype
Two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait.
Homozygous
Having the same two alleles of a gene.
Translation
Process of making protein from RNA.
Incomplete dominance
Occurs when the offspring’s phenotype is a blend of the parent phenotype
Genetics
Show how traits are passed from parent to offspring.
Hybrid
Offspring of two plants or animals with different forms of the same traits.
Gene
Section a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait.
Dominant trait
Genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor.
Recessive trait
Genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor.
Mutation
Change in nucleotide sequence of a gene.
RNA
Nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Transcription
The process of making mRNA from DNA
