DNA and genetic engineering Flashcards
Name this structure and descibe its shape.
DNA
Double stranded helix
What are the sub units of DNA called?
Bases
Name the four Bases
A-adenine
C- Cytosine
G- Guanine
T Thymine
When two bases are joined together we would call this . . . ..
A complimentary base pair
Give both complimentary base pairs
A- T
C- G
What is the function of DNA?
DNA carries the genetic information for making proteins.
Describe a gene and give its function
A gene is a section of DNA which codes for a protein.
What does a sequence of bases on DNA determine?
The base sequence on DNA determines amino acid sequence in proteins.
Describe the function of mRNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a molecule which carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA, in the nucleus, to a ribosome, where the protein is assembled from amino acids.
Give four functions of proteins
structural, enzymes, hormones, antibodies .
What is the purpose of Genetic Engineering
Genetic information can be transferred from one cell to another by genetic engineering.
Name the micro organism often used in genetic engineering?
Bacteria
Give the six steps in Genetic engineering
identify section of DNA that contains required gene from source chromosome;
extract required gene;
extract plasmid from bacterial cell;
insert required gene into bacterial plasmid;
insert plasmid into host bacterial cell to produce a genetically modified (GM) organism.
Give a product made by genetic engineering
Insulin
Why are Bacteria used in genetic engineering
They mutiply quickly
