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DNA > DNA and DNA Extraction > Flashcards

DNA and DNA Extraction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

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2
Q

What is the DNA’s structure and what is it’s purpose?

A

Double Helix. It’s used as a mechanism to copy the molecule.

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3
Q

What does DNA do for the body?

A

It contains the instructions to survive and reproduce, it also synthesizes/produces proteins.

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4
Q

What are codons?

A

Codons are sequences that are decoded to create proteins.

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5
Q

How many base pairs make up a codon?

A

3

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6
Q

What makes up a nucleotide?

A

A phosphate, two deoxyribose sugars, and a base pair

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7
Q

Name two base pairs

A

Adenine-Thymine and Guanine-Cytosine

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8
Q

Name all the steps of DNA extraction

A

Lyse, Precipitate, and Purify

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9
Q

What is DNA extraction?

A

Extracting and isolating the DNA molecule to it’s purest form.

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10
Q

Why is DNA extraction important?

A

For identifying suspects, or other important evidence in a case.

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11
Q

What is lysing?

A

Breaking down the cell membrane to release the contents inside of it.

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12
Q

What is precipitation?

A

Forming a solid that separates from the solution which is removed by a centrifuge.

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13
Q

What is purifying?

A

Isolating the DNA in a substance .

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14
Q

What is a centrifuge?

A

The device that separates fluids of different densities or liquids from solids.

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15
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A substance (i.e water) to remove contaminants from the DNA sample and preventing it from degrading during the extraction process.

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16
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

When existing DNA is copied in cells.

17
Q

What are all the steps of DNA replication?

A

DNA unwinds, DNA separates, new base pairs are added, DNA recoils, process repeats a million times

18
Q

Why is DNA replication important?

A

The DNA profile can be used as evidence to find a suspect or victim.

19
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A clump of proteins/amino acids

20
Q

What is a restriction enzyme?

A

An chemical that cuts up the DNA of a virus/organism

21
Q

Why are restriction enzymes important?

A

It’s used as a defense against a virus.

22
Q

What does a restriction enzyme cut DNA into?

A

Smaller fragments.

23
Q

What sequence does EcoRI cut?

A

GAATTC

24
Q

What sequence does Haelll cut?

A

CCGG
GGCC

25
Q

What is a palindrome?

A

A sequence that can be read the same way backwards and forwards.

26
Q

Why are palindromic sequences important?

A

Most restriction enzyme recognition sites are palindromic.

DNA (4 decks)

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