DNA and Chromosomes Flashcards
What are Nucleotides made of?
Nucleotides are made of Phosphate, Pentose Sugar, Nitrogenous Base.
What is the DNA backbone made of?
DNA backbone is made of Pentose Sugar and Phosphate.
What component makes up DNA rungs?
The Nitrogenous Base makes up the DNA rungs.
What are the 4 types of Nitrogenous Bases?
The 4 types of Nitrogenous Bases are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).
Which Nitrogenous components mesh together?
Adenine and Thymine (A+T) and Cytosine and Guanine (C+G) mesh together.
Where is DNA located?
DNA is located in the Nucleus of a cell and holds information.
How is DNA organised in the Nucleus?
DNA is organised into genes which are then found in Chromosomes.
What is a Gene?
A Gene is a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein (eg. eye colour)
How many pairs of of Chromosomes do humans have?
Humans have 23 pairs of Chromosomes, which equals to 46 total Chromosomes.
What does Diploid mean?
Dipoloid is a set of Chromosomes that are located in Somatic Cells.
What does Somatic mean?
Somatic are the cells of the body, excluding Sex Cells.
What is the Chromosomic makeup of a female?
XX is the Chromosomic makeup of a female, male being XY.
What is an Autosome?
An Autosome is any chromosome that is not involved with determination of sex.
What is an Allele?
An Allele is the different versions or forms of a gene.
What is the difference between a Gene and an Allele?
A Gene specifies a trait, whilst an Allele specifies what form a Gene takes (Eg. Eye colour).
