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C8 DNA Genes And Protein Synthesis > DNA And Chromosomes > Flashcards

DNA And Chromosomes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A short section of DNA that contains a code for making a polypeptide and functional RNA.

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2
Q

What is the code on a gene?

A

A specific sequence of bases.

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3
Q

What do genes determine?

A

The proteins of an organism.

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4
Q

What is the locus?

A

The location of where you find a gene.

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5
Q

What is an allele?

A

A different version of the same gene.

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6
Q

What might genes differ in that make them alleles?

A

They might have different base sequences.

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7
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Tightly coiled-up DNA.

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8
Q

What are homologous pairs of chromosomes?

A

Chromosome pairs that have the same exact genes, but may have different alleles.

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9
Q

What is a human karyotype?

A

A picture of all the 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes in order.

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10
Q

Where is DNA stored in eukaryotic cells?

A

In the nucleus.

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11
Q

What is DNA like in eukaryotic cells?

A

In the form of chromosomes, it’s linear.

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12
Q

What is DNA tightly wound around?

A

Histones.

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13
Q

What are histones?

A

Proteins that wound around DNA.

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14
Q

Why is DNA wound around histones?

A

So it fits in the nucleus and doesn’t get tangled.

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15
Q

What is DNA wrapped around a histone protein called?

A

A nucleosome.

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16
Q

What is DNA like in prokaryotic cells?

A

It’s much shorter and circular, and free in the cytoplasm (has no nucleus).

17
Q

What is a benefit of prokaryotic DNA being shorter?

A

It doesn’t have to get wrapped by histones, it supercoils to fit in the cell.

18
Q

Where is DNA also found?

A

In mitochondria and chloroplasts.

19
Q

Why is DNA found in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

A

To code for enzymes which are essential for their own reactions (respiration and photosynthesis).

20
Q

What is DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts similar to?

A

DNA in prokaryotic cells.

C8 DNA Genes And Protein Synthesis (4 decks)

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