DNA and alleles

Question 1

What are chromosomes?

Answer 1

• contains long strands of DNA

- Located in the nucleus of the cell

Question 2

What is DNA?

Answer 2

• a double helix molecule made up of many nucleotides (sugar + phosphate + base)
• contains genetic code for making proteins (which are the building blocks of the body)

Question 3

How is protein made?

Answer 3

• DNA contains instructions for making proteins
• the DNA base sequence determines which proteins is made
• triplet (3 nucleotides) makes an amino acid, the amino acids are joined with peptide bonds to make proteins

Question 4

What are genes?

Answer 4

• a section of DNA that codes for a specific trait

Question 5

What are alleles?

What are dominant/recessive alleles?

Answer 5

• variations of genes
• Dominant = the allele that is always expressed when present
• Recessive = only expressed when dominant allele is not present

Question 6

What are homozygous/heterozygous alleles?

Answer 6

• Homozygous = the same alleles

- Heterozygous = different alleles