dna analysis Flashcards
In 1901, he announced one of the most significant discoveries of the twentieth century—the typing of blood
Karl Landsteiner
It is a type of protein found on the outside of red blood cells. The protein is genetically inherited. If you have the protein, you are Rh-positive. If you did not inherit the protein, you are Rh-negative
Rh factor or Rhesus factor
In theory, no two individuals, except for identical twins, could be expected to have the same combination of blood factors. In other words, blood factors are controlled genetically and have the potential of being a highly distinctive feature for personal identification
True
The molecules that carry the body’s
genetic information
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
refers to a highly complex mixture of cells, enzymes, proteins, and inorganic substances
blood
It is the fluid portion of blood.
It is composed principally of water and accounts for 55 percent of blood content.
Plasma
The solid portion of blood is suspended in the plasma and accounts for 45 percent of its content.
red blood cells (i.e., erythrocytes), white blood cells (i.e., leukocytes), and platelets.
What happens when a protein in the plasma known as fibrin traps and enmeshes
the red blood cells?
Blood clot
If the clotted material were removed from the blood, a pale yellowish liquid known as ___ would be left.
It also contains proteins known as antibodies.
serum
They transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and remove carbon dioxide from tissues by transporting it back to the lungs, where it is exhaled.
Red blood cells (RBC)
On the surface of each red blood cell are millions of characteristic chemical structures called?
Antigens
All type A individuals have A antigens.
True
All type B individuals have B antigens.
True
All AB individuals contain both A and
B antigens.
True
All type O individuals have neither A nor B antigens
on their cells.
True
Those people who have the D antigen
are said to be Rh positive; those without this antigen
are Rh negative.
True
The fundamental principle of blood typing is that, for every antigen, there exists a specific antibody
True
The antibody-containing serum is referred to as the ____, meaning a serum that reacts against something (i.e., antigens).
antiserum
An antibody reacts only with its specific antigen
and no other. Thus, if serum containing anti-B is added
to red blood cells carrying the B antigen, the two will
combine, causing the antibody to attach itself to the
cell.. This creates a vast network of cross-linked cells usually seen in the form of clumping, or agglutination
True’
Antibodies have two reactive sites. This means that each antibody can simultaneously be attached to antigens located on two different red blood cells.
Antibodies are bivalent
A protein in the blood serum that
destroys or inactivates a specific
antigen.
antibody
Blood serum that contains specific
antibodies.
antiserum
The clumping together of red
blood cells by the action of an
antibody.
agglutination
To produce antibodies capable of reacting with drugs, a specific drug is combined with a protein, and this combination is injected into an animal
such as a rabbit. This drug–protein complex acts as an antigen, stimulating the animal to produce antibodies. The recovered blood serum of the animal will now contain antibodies that are specific or nearly specific to the drug.
True
