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Biology - DNA > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Any cell that possesses a defined nucleus.

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

A double membrane surrounded organelle with pores.

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3
Q

Membrane

A

A thin sheet of tissue layer cells acting as a boundary and protection.

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4
Q

Organelle

A

Any number of organized/specialized structures within a living cell.

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5
Q

Nuclear pores

A
  • A large complex of proteins.
  • Spans the nuclear envelope
  • Surrounds the eukaryotic cell
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6
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

The substance of a cell nucleus other than the chromosomes or nucleus.

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7
Q

Metabolism

A
  • A sum of all chemical changes in a cell or organism.

- Molecules are broken down to release energy.

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8
Q

Nucleolus

A

Largest structure in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

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9
Q

Chromatin network

A
  • Network of the cell nucleus.

- Contains all DNA of the cell.

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10
Q

DNA

A
  • A self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms.
  • Main constituent of chromosomes. (genetic info)
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11
Q

Chromosomes

A
  • Thread-like structure of nucleic acids and proteins.

- Carries genetic information. (genes)

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12
Q

Genes

A

Transferred characteristics from parents to offspring.

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13
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • Double membrane organelle found in eukaryotic organisms.

- Converts food to energy.

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14
Q

Chloroplast

A

In green plant cells, a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.

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15
Q

Extranuclear DNA

A
  • Small circular chromosomes

- Located in 2 types of organelle found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

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16
Q

RNA

A
  • Ribonucleic acid found in all living cells.

- Acts as a messenger from DNA.

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17
Q

Monomers

A

A molecule that bonds to identical molecules to form polymer.

18
Q

Nucleotides

A

Biological molecules that form the building blocks of nucleic acids.

19
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The material (protoplasm) within a living cell excluding the nucleus.

20
Q

Polymer

A

Substance composed of macromolecules with repeating structural units.

21
Q

Monomer

A

Units (building blocks) that bind other molecules together.

22
Q

Nucleotides

A

Biological molecules that form the building blocks of nucleic acids.

23
Q

Deoxyribose sugar

A

A chemical compound derived from the sugar ribose by loss of an oxygen atom.

24
Q

Phosphate group

A

Occurs once connected to a molecule containing Carbon.

25
Q

Nitrogenous base

A

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.

26
Q

Adenine

A

Functions in protein synthesis.

27
Q

Thymine

A

One of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA.

28
Q

Cytosine

A

A pyrimidine derivative.

29
Q

Guanine

A
  • A compound that occurs in guano.

- A derivative of purine.

30
Q

Purine

A

Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound.

31
Q

Pyrimidine

A

A colorless crystalline compound with basic properties.

32
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Form of association between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom attached to a second electronegative atom.

33
Q

Gene

A

Coded instructions for making everything your body needs.

34
Q

Genome

A

The entirety of an organism’s hereditary information.

35
Q

DNA replication

A

Ensures that each new cell made contains an entire set of instructions.

36
Q

Protein synthesis

A

The construction of proteins by the living cells.

37
Q

Amino acids

A

A simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl and an amino group.

38
Q

Coding DNA

A

Sequence of a gene’s DNA that transcribes into protein structures

39
Q

Non-coding DNA

A
  • DNA sequence on a chromosome that is not in a gene and that does not code for proteins
  • Instead regulates and controls gene expression.
40
Q

Gene expression

A

Conversion of a gene’s sequence into a mature gene product or products.

41
Q

Mutation

A

Change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism.

Biology - DNA (1 decks)

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