Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DNA > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the role of DNA and RNA

A

information carrying molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does DNA do

A

holds genetic information and codes for amino acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does RNA do

A

transfers genetic material and information from DNA to ribosomes to synthesise proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the monomer in DNA

A

nucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the polymer formed from nucelotides

A

polynucleotides/nucelic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the three components of a nucleotide

A

a phosphate group
a nitrogen containing organic base
pentose sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the pentose sugar in DNA

A

deoxyribose sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the four organic bases in DNA

A

adenine
thymine
cytosine
guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the pentose sugar in RNA

A

ribose sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the four bases in RNA

A

adenine
uracil
cytosine
guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what reaction forms polynucelotides

A

condensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what bonds are formed between two nucleotides in a polynucleotide chain.

A

phosphodiester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what parts of the nucleotides react to form a phosphodiester bond.

A

the phosphate group of one and the the pentose sugar of another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what type of bond is a phosphodiester bond and what does it form.

A

covalent

sugar-phosphate backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the role of the sugar phosphate backbone

A

to provide strength and stability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what makes a DNA double helix

A

two polynucleotide chains held together by hydrogen bonding between specific complementary bases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how many bases forms an amino acid

A

3

18
Q

what is the structure of an RNA molecule

A

single stranded helix

polynucleotide chain.

19
Q

how are the nucleotide strands arranged in a DNA molecule.

A

anti-parallel.

20
Q

why do two ring bases always bond to a one ring base.

A

to ensure the strands remain parallel.

21
Q

what is meant by anti-parallel in terms of DNA.

A

the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions.

22
Q

what numbers represent the end of a nucleotide chain

A

5’ (prime) and 3’ (prime)

23
Q

what end of the molecule is complementary to DNA polymerase.

A

the 3’ end.

24
Q

strength of DNA having a helical structure

A

compact and protects bases

25
Q

strength of DNA having weak hydrogen bonds between bases

A

allows unzipping and separation of strands for replication.

26
Q

strength of DNA being double stranded.

A

allows for semi-conservative replication as each strand can act as a template.

27
Q

strength of DNA being comprised of complementary bases.

A

allows for accurate replication.

28
Q

strength of DNA being a long molecule.

A

can store a lot of information.

29
Q

how is DNA replicated

A

semi-conservatively.

30
Q

what enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds in DNA during DNA replication.

A

DNA helicase.

31
Q

what does DNA helicase do.

A

attaches to a DNA molecule
unwinds it
breaks the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

32
Q

what enzyme connects new nucleotides together.

A

DNA polymerase.

33
Q

what type of reaction connects adjacent nucleotides to form phosphodiester bonds.

A

condensation

34
Q

what is meant by semi-conservative replication.

A

each new DNA molecule contains a new strand and an original strand and is identical to the original DNA.

35
Q

what did Hershey and chase’s experiment involve.

A

proving DNA is hereditary not proteins.

they had radioactive protein coats (sulphur) on the phages- no radioactivity found in the cell after infection.

radioactive DNA in phages (phosphorus) - radioactivity found in cell after infection.

36
Q

Griffith’s experiment

A

mice and bacteria that causes pneumonia experiment

37
Q

what were the four conditions the mice were under in Griffith’s experiment.

A

injected with a safe strain of virus.
injected with a harmful strain of the virus.
injected with a heat killed strain of the virus.
injected with a heat killed and safe strain of the virus.

38
Q

which mice died in Griffith’s experiment and why

A

virulent strain and ‘heat killed and safe strain’

the heat killed strain must have passed on the information to the live safe strain of how to be harmful.

39
Q

Meselson Stahl experiment.

A

grew bacteria in N15 - used by bacteria to make DNA
DNA extracted and spun in a centrifuge - one layer = both strands of N15. (generation 0)
Bacteria transferred to a medium of N14.
spun in centrifuge to seperate substances
1 layer but lighter - hybrid of N14 and N15. (generation 1)
repeated twice more
generation 2 - 2 layers (N14-N14 and N14-N15)
generation 3 - 2 layers (same) but thicker layer of N14-14

40
Q

how did Meselson and Stahl experiment prove semi-conservative replication.

A

it showed molecules to have different densities of strands in DNA and so one strand comes from the original and the other is new. - synthesised strand.

DNA (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions