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Bio Personal > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Purine

A

Adenine and Guanine (2 raangs)

-Guanine has the most H+ donors/acceptors (6) while Adenine (5)

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2
Q

Pyrimdine

A

Uracil, Thymine and Cytosine

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3
Q

Nucleotide

A
  1. Sugar 2. Phosphate 3. Nitrogenous base
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4
Q

Ribose

A

2’ 3’ OH down

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5
Q

Deoxyribose

A

2’ OH is absent in ribose

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6
Q

What link connects a nucleotide w a ribose?

A

B-glycosidic link

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7
Q

What linke connects to successive sugar molecules in a polynucleotide?

A

Phosphodiester bond (broken by phosphodiesterase)

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8
Q

Hydrogen bonding w BPs

A

G triple bonds with C= 3 hydrogen bonds

A double bonds with T = 2 hydrogen bonds

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9
Q

How many BP per turn of helix?

A

10 BP per turn of the helix

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10
Q

DNA strands

A

3’ –> 5’ Template, Coding strand

5’–> 3’ Non-template strand

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11
Q

Start Codons

A

AUG

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12
Q

Stop Codons

A

U Are Annoying (UAA)
U Are Gone (UAG)
U Go Away (UGA)

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13
Q

DNA Transcription (basic steps)

A

1) Initiation 2) Elongation 3) Termination

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14
Q

RNA polymerase 1

A

only bacteria, contains 4 subunits + sigma subunit, makes rRNA

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15
Q

RNA polymerase 2

A

Eukaryotes, involved in mRNA synthesis

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16
Q

RNA polymerase 3

A

Transcribes rRNA and tRNA

17
Q

Rate of elongation in eukaryotes

A

40 nucleotides/second in eukaryotes

18
Q

Hairpin Loop

A

G—C rich, hairpin loop forms from inverted repeats in DNA lead to the end of transcription, signals RNA to fall off (Rho-independent)

19
Q

How many AA per turn of helix?

A

3.5 AA per turn of the alpha helix

20
Q

Histones

A

small proteins used to wrap DNA into chromatin, mostly + charged so its attacked to a (-) charged DNA backbone.
OCTAMER: H2A, H2B, H3, H4 X 2

21
Q

Euchromatin vs Heterochromatin

A

less dense DNA= euc

tightly packed DNA= hetero

Bio Personal (5 decks)

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