DNA Flashcards
What are the names of the 4 nitrogen bases?
Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Adenine (A), Cytosine (C)
Which bases go together?
A,T and C,G
How many different types of bases are there?
4
What is the full name for DNA?
Deoxyribonucide acid
Does DNA have the same structure in all living things?
Yes
What are the smaller molecules called?
Nucleotides
What is the double helix made out of?
Sugar phosphate
What makes up a nucleotide?
Phosphate, nitrogen base, deoxyribose sugar
What is long threads of DNA called?
Chromatin
What is it called when lots of nucleotides join together?
They form a double helix
What forms between the nitrogen bases?
Hydrogen bonds
What does chromatin look like?
Cotton thread
What is it called when a DNA strand copies itself?
DNA replication
What happens when a cell is about to divide?
It coils around till it becomes short and fat
What is it called when a strand of DNA coils?
Condensed chromosomes
How many strands of DNA does every human cell have (besides gametes)
46 strands of DNA
What is a gene?
A gene is a short section of DNA.
It is an instruction for protein.
What does a gene control?
It controls a persons traits
What are two examples of a trait?
Hair colour
Eye colour
What breaks the hydrogen bonds linking the bases before a strand of DNA is about to split?
Enzymes
Why does DNA replicate?
To create identical copies
What are the identical copies called?
Cromatids
What is DNA?
A long, thin molecule made up of nucleotides that carries genetic information.
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is a strand of DNA that coils up into a chromosome
